发布时间 : 星期六 文章英语（二）串讲更新完毕开始阅读55c13e7510a6f524ccbf859d
D. the implications of a new research finding 【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖”就可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。
12. Sleep-deprived people consume more calories, which will _______. A. make them energetic B. turn into extra pounds C. damage their mood
D. Cause them to feel sleepy 【答案】B
【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep-deprived people定位在第二段：Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke‘s-Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight.，即每天多消耗的300卡的热量会转变为额外的体重，可知答案为B。
13. According to Michael Breus, sleep loss can _______. A. decrease people‘s appetite
B. slow down energy conservation C. trigger the need for more food D. lead to a vicious cycle 【答案】C
【解析】事实细节题。根据Michael Breus定位在第三段：But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol（荷尔蒙皮质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food．即当我们的眼睛休息不够的时候，为了保持能量新陈代谢会变慢。这种减速会引发荷尔蒙皮质醇的释放，从而增加食欲，由此可知答案为C。
14. The word ―optimal‖ in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _______. A. best B. positive C. optional D. appropriate 【答案】A
【解析】词义理解题。根据题干定位在第七段。本段主要讲了人要尽量保持7.5个小时的睡眠时间，并为失眠者提供了一些有助睡眠的方法。四个选项意思分别是最佳的、积极的、选择的、合适的，显然A最恰当。
15. To attack sleep troubles, you can _______. A. exercise regularly at night B. do more pre-bedtime activities C. keep a journal at night
D. follow a set routine every night 【答案】D
【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep troubles定位在文章的最后一句：If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing.
11. This passage is mainly about _______. A. the influence of sleep loss on weight B. the effect of sleep deprivation on mood C. the release of the hormone cortisol
D. the implications of a new research finding 【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖”就可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共1 0分）
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a ?calorimeter?（热量测量室）is one way to find out． ① The signs above the two rooms read simply ?Chamber One‘ and ?Chamber Two‘. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads ?Please do not enter—work in progress‘ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
② Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advertisement for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
③ The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
④ The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. ?The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,‘ says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn‘t go too fast.
⑤ It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.
Task l 16. Paragraph ① A. What does the calorimeter look like inside? B. What programme was designed for the experiment? 17. Paragraph ② C. What is a calorimeter? 18. Paragraph ③ D. What kind of foods are to people‘s taste? 19. Paragraph ④ E. How do the volunteers kill the time? 20. Paragraph ⑤ F. Why did Nicola join in the experiments? 16. Paragraph ① 【答案】C
【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条件，前面的内容主要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。 17. Paragraph ② 【答案】F
【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入这一项目。
18. Paragraph ③ 【答案】B
【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room.即：实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。
19. Paragraph ④ 【答案】E
【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看书、骑单车等活动。
20. Paragraph ⑤ 【答案】D
【解析】第五段的首句出现了foods一词，从剩余的两个选项A和D中很明显就能选出D。第五段主要介绍了什么食物适合人的胃口。
小贴士：本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句往往是主题句。 Task 2
21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______. 22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______.
23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______. 24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. A. the volunteers do. B. because she does not have a weight problem. C. because the life there can be very boring. D. make people overeat. E. because she was her own boss. F. so as to control the speed. 21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______. 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outside these rooms another sign reads ?Please do not enter—work in progress‘ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。
22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______. 【答案】E
【解析】根据题干中的关键词Nicola Walters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work.
23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______. 【答案】C
【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第四段。该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。
24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______. 【答案】D
【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets高脂膳食 are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, …
25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______. 【答案】F
【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn‘t go too fast.
小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以快速缩小范围。
Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）
Five Reasons to Celebrate Mistakes
① Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention and putting crucial problems right in our face. Mistakes light a path for us. When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what‘s working and what we can do to fix it.
② There is one sure way to avoid mistakes and that‘s to avoid life. The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative reviews. The comedian who never performs in front of an audience is sure to avoid telling jokes that fall flat失败，达不到预期效果. When we are comfortable with making mistakes, we‘re more likely to take risks and tackle projects. Celebrating mistakes involves wisdom. Effective people don‘t set goals with the idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.
③ Imagine working at a company that has no standards – where mistakes are not distinguished from successes and no one is held accountable for errors. We could turn in the most careless and the crudest未加工的，肤浅的 pieces of work we‘d ever done, and they would get treated the same as our best work. We‘d never be able to count on having the supplies we needed because no one would complain when vendors供应商，商贩 failed to deliver. Projects could go permanently unfinished and no one would say anything. In an atmosphere where there‘s no difference between failure and success, the word ―mistake‖ would be without meaning. Mistakes can happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.
④ The word ―mistake‖ derives meaning only by comparison to what we desire. Noticing and admitting our mistakes reminds us of what we really want to have, do, and be. Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling. With this act come the rewards of honesty and frankness, including self-knowledge自知之明 and the capacity for change. As we tell the truth about our mistakes, we can benefit by releasing shame and blame. Fixing
mistakes and preventing them from happening again are key goals.
⑤ Mistakes are usually more instructive than successes – and often far more interesting. The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a lifetime. We can translate those lessons into new values and behaviors that make a profound difference. With all these potential benefits from mistakes, we have plenty of reasons to celebrate them.
Task l
A. Mistakes encourage taking risks 16. Paragraph ①
B. Mistakes practice telling truth 17. Paragraph ②
C. Mistakes make powerful teachers 18. Paragraph ③
D. Mistakes are as important as successes 19. Paragraph ④
E. Mistakes focus our attention 20. Paragraph ⑤ F. Mistakes make things work :
16. Paragraph ① 【答案】E
【解析】第一段首句给出了相关信息Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention and putting crucial problems right in our face.故选E。
17. Paragraph ② 【答案】A 【解析】第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，让自己进步。A项中的关键词encourage taking risks符合本段语境，故选A。
18. Paragraph ③ 【答案】F
【解析】第三段通过在公司工作的情况，指出没有正确与错误标准的公司不会有任何进步和发展。所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事情有所进展的时候，错误才会发现。与F含义相符。
19. Paragraph ④ 【答案】B
【解析】第四段是对“错误”的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会说出真相。这样的话我们就可以得到诚恳和坦率、自身知识的提高和改变的能力，又讲到了说出错误的种种好处。再结合第四段的第三句Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling.可知B项符合本段主旨。
20. Paragraph ⑤ 【答案】D
【解析】第五段通过mistake和success的比较，阐述出错误的重要性，所以可以判断出错误与成功一样，都具有很重要的意义。故选D。
Task 2
21. We often know through mistakes what‘s going wrong and _______. 22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______. 23. Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______. 24. People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______.
25. We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______. A. stick with us for a lifetime B. what we can do to fix it C. committed to making things work D. accepting the risk of error E. worry about being criticized F. committed to making things work 注：该题命题疏忽，C和F完全一样。 21. We often know through mistakes what‘s going wrong and _______. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第一段的最后一句：When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what‘s working and what we can do to fix it.可知选B。
小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知and前后为平行结构，只有B相符。 22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______.