发布时间 : 星期日 文章中西方酒文化的对比研究更新完毕开始阅读55e4150625c52cc58ad6be0c
promote communications between peoples. After careful studies, we can find that there are some differences of etiquette of drinking between China and Western countries. China is a country known as ceremony and pay attention to etiquette. “Talk freely about the saying ?No Custom without Wine?, etiquette of drinking is becoming an important part of life” (Yang 14). Chinese drinking etiquette reflects the respect for the drinker. There is fixed seating and a fixed toast times about who is the master, who is the guest. Toast normally chooses after eating the main course, and before the sugar beet is not on. The cup must be held on the eyes level when the toast happen. The toast must begin from the master and watch each other, and at least drink a little wine to show respect. Others are not qualified to respect until the master finished .If the toast order is upset the person who upset the toast order will be fined. “Toast must be started from the most distinguished guests, at this time the wine should be full of so that the most distinguished guests can be respected” (Robinson 36). Not only younger people toast to the elders, and subordinates take the initiative to propose a toast to the higher levels, but also should drink first in order to show respect. “The Jiuling, Finger Guessing Game etiquette of wine, but also to make drinkers thoroughly enjoyed themselves” (Zhang 22). Obviously, Chinese wine culture deeply influenced by Chinese culture and traditional ethics of hierarchy of seniority, during drinking alcohol the respect for those who drinking was placed in the most important position.
Western drinking wine etiquette demonstrates respect for wine. Drinking wine must watch their color, smell their fragrance, taste its quality, and mobilize all kind of sensory to enjoy nice wine. In the sequence of drinking, pay attention to the first drink after drink red wine, white wine, the first lighter wine.
In the sequence of drinking, it is necessary to pay attention to the order of drinking. “White wine should be first and after red wine, the first lighter wine following Re-bodied wine to drink a short year wine and then drink a long year wine, changes gradually in-depth change in the enjoyment of wine flavor” (Port 42). The selection of wine device, also revolve around how to get the full enjoyment of drinking on the drinkers. Let aroma convergence on mouth of the tulip-type goblet
cup, and even for wine temperature degree specially designed thermometer, without exception, demonstrate respect for Westerners wine, and their drinking etiquette is for a better appreciation of wine. In the West people rarely Toast each other, they usually drink separately. Only in certain occasions, they will join in a toast. If a time like this is usually the person after the speech, they are blessing a person, or to celebrate something for someone.
D. Purpose of Drinking
Wine exists with the form of water and with the content of fire. They are incompatible since ancient times, only an exception on wine .It is water also fire. Not only was extinguished by the minds of unhappy, but also can bright the inner. Both Chinese and westerners love wine, but the diversity of cultures, so caused the difference on drinking purposes between the Chinese people and Westerns.
The purpose of drinking in western is simple. They have a drink in order to enjoy drinking. Of course, wine also has the function of communication, but it is more important for people to enjoy the taste of wine. What kind of drink should be used to enjoy on an occasion, and what temperature degree should be, what shape of the glass should be, there is a very fine clear requirement.
There is not Finger Guessing Game was provided on the banquet. Zhang Chang xing said the aesthetic of western is a direct form style-oriented and do not require using distiller's yeast to achieve communicative effects, showing that the West is drinking for wine (47).
In China, wine is often used as a communicative tool. Therefore, there is not scientific systematic theoretical analysis on Chinese wine culture. More attention was paid on other function s brought by drinking. The so-called ulterior motives are not on wine, but care between landscape and landscape of the music. People who drink often want to discuss official business, or talk to a private matter. In short, drinking is just an expression of a mood-assisted behavior. McGovern said people have a drink just want to borrow the role of alcohol to complete a number of other things, so
Chinese people will never be less wine on the table (62). Whether it is Chinese New Year or a business in the future, wine is the middle of the hub of everything. It also links to the subtle emotions between people, but people rely more on drinking is the pursuit of wine. Qingmeizhujiu is to prove who is a hero. The paradise Jiang Jinjiu purposes to eliminate the same melancholy; Bamboo Poets of the Seven Sages was to take sanctuary. Qianlong 1000 gentleman feast want to share happy with the public. Chinese drinking is not for alcohol but for feelings. Therefore, so long as having appropriate reasons, everyone can advise each other to drink, in order to show goodwill and sincerity. Toast is a typical performance of Chinese hospitality, but often is not understood by Westerners on the Chinese people. China is the ceremonies. The communication is usually advocated implicitly. They are not bounded, not only can speak, also can criticize after drinking although there is nothing to speak usually. Wine can help Chinese people to achieve communicative purposes.
E. Drinking Habits
Several major Chinese festivals of the year have corresponding drinking activities, such as the Dragon Boat Festival drink \“chrysanthemum wine”. “In some places, such as Jiangxi, people gathered to drink after planting the cereal crop or to celebrate the harvest time” (Zhao 26). Chinese New Year also is known as New Year's Eve. It is the day for family reunion to have the most sumptuous dinner of the year. Dinner and wine are essential to the even poorest family. In some places, people generally do not leave the house on the first day of the first lunar month. From the second day, people begin to drop around. The owner of the house takes the dishes which have been prepared earlier to the table and enjoy the wine with the guests. “liquor of daughter in the south” According to the earliest record by the “Southern Grasses” that the southern people began to make wine when their daughter was seven years old. Then they bury the brewed wine when their daughter got married. This kind of wine was inherited in Shaoxing and
developed to be famous as “Huadiao jiu”. Another difference exists in the custom of drinking wine. As is known to us, China is a big country with 56 nationalities and vast territory. Most of the nations have its own distinctive wine and custom of drinking wine. However, there still exists the common character: encouraging people to drink. “While in western countries, no one will encourage you to drink” (Mathews 64). It is up to you to drink or not. No one would associate toasting people with the face. And there exists buying wine culture, that is, today I buy the wine for you in a bar; tomorrow you will buy for me.
Wine culture brings about the difference of ideology of flows. Wine culture that caused great affection on the east and west civilization is embodied in the feminism. In the west, fete is an important means of worship of wine. The housewives and girls gathered in wild mountains to dance and enjoy themselves the whole night. Women could communicate with any people. Although the man was discontented with this, he could not have any complaints. This tradition was handed down. As a result, women got almost the same status with the man in the west. The worship of wine came along with the mysterious worship of maternity, which rippled in the civilization of the west.
It was not the case in China. “Although at the beginning, the wine was brewed for the daughter of Yu, women were deprived of right of drinking wine by man” (Jia 114). The girls in The Dream of Red Mansion mostly drank fruit wine. The liquor, repetitive of wine, was the patent of men, such as Jia Zheng. The status of women was gradually promoted after the spread of western culture during the period of Fourth Five. Women have the same right of drinking wine in modern times.
III. Different Communicative Functions and Drinking Culture
A. Shallow Sip and Cattle Drink
Chinese people pay attention to the “shallow sip”. The so called “shallow sip” is to put the glass in one hand and enjoy the fun by singing a song or poem to purse the realm into a little drunk. “The so called little drunk is like non-drunk and