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基于PLC控制的光伏发电单轴跟踪控制系统设计
摘 要
太阳能是一种环保的绿色能源，而且是巨量的、可再生的，因此在对新能源的开发利用上，太阳能发电有着巨大的优势。当前，由于技术条件限制，光伏发电的转换效率很低，严重制约了太阳能发电的发展与普及，因此，在现有条件下，寻求一种实用的方式去提高太阳能的发电效率是非常必要的。实践证明，太阳能的发电效率和太阳能电池板与太阳光线的角度有很大关系，太阳能发电中，太阳能电池板实时和太阳光线保持垂直能在很大程度上提高太阳能的发电效率。
本课题主要论述了单轴太阳能自动跟踪系统的设计方法。对自动跟踪控制系统的组成及其功能进行了详细的分析与研究，采用PLC控制系统，设计了整套自动跟踪装置。所设计出的系统具有体积小、功耗低、成本低、抗干扰能力强等特点。
单轴太阳能自动跟踪系统通过单片机控制系统自动跟踪太阳方位角，高度角可手动进行调整,使太阳能电池保持较大的发电功率。通过对单轴自动跟踪系统与双轴自动跟踪系统发电效率的比较,理论证明它的可行性。
关键词：光伏系统，太阳角自动跟踪，单轴跟踪系统，PLC控制
I
沈阳工程学院毕业设计（论文）
Abstract
Solar energy is an environmentally friendly green energy and solar energy is a huge amount of renewable in the development of new energy use, solar power has a huge advantage. At present, due to technical constraints, has seriously hampered the development and popularization of solar power, photovoltaic conversion efficiency is very low, therefore, under current conditions, to seek a practical way to improve the efficiency of solar energy power generation is necessary . Practice has proved that the power generation efficiency of solar energy and solar panels and the angle of the sun's rays, solar power, solar panels in real time and the sun's rays perpendicular to greatly improve the power generation efficiency of solar energy.
The main topic discusses the single-axis solar tracking system design. A detailed analysis and study the composition and function of the automatic tracking control system, PLC control system, design a set of automatic tracking device. System design with small size, low power consumption, low cost, and strong anti-interference ability.
Automatic single-axis solar tracking system single chip control system automatically track the sun azimuth and elevation angle can be adjusted manually, so that the solar cell to maintain a large power generation. Automatic single-axis tracking system and dual-axis tracking system automatically power generation efficiency comparison, the theoretical proof of its feasibility.
Key words :photovoltaic systems,solar automatic tracking,single-axis tracking system,PLC conttol
II
基于PLC控制的光伏发电单轴跟踪控制系统设计
目 录
摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ II 1 绪 论 .................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.1 光伏发电的意义 .......................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 光伏发电的优点 .......................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.3 光伏发电的国内外现状及发展趋势 .......................................................................... - 2 - 1.4 本文主要完成的工作 .................................................................................................. - 3 - 2 光伏发电的基本原理 .......................................................................................................... - 4 - 2.1 光伏发电基本原理 ......................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 跟踪式光伏发电的基本原理 ...................................................................................... - 5 - 2.3 太阳位置的确定 .......................................................................................................... - 6 - 3 可编程控制器简介 ............................................................................................................ - 10 - 3.1 PLC的概述及应用 ..................................................................................................... - 10 -
3.1.1 PLC的产生 ....................................................................................................... - 10 - 3.1.2 PLC的基本概念 ............................................................................................... - 11 - 3.1.3 PLC的特点 ....................................................................................................... - 11 - 3.1.4 PLC的应用与发展 ........................................................................................... - 12 - 3.2 PLC的基本结构及工作原理 ..................................................................................... - 13 -
3.2.1 PLC的基本结构 ............................................................................................... - 13 - 3.2.2 PLC的工作原理 ............................................................................................... - 16 - 3.2.3 PLC的软件编程方法 ....................................................................................... - 18 - 3.2.4 PLC的编程原则和方法 ................................................................................... - 19 - 3.2.5 PLC的应用现状 ............................................................................................... - 19 - 3.2.6 SIEMENS SIMATIC S7-200 PLC简介 .......................................................... - 20 - 4 光伏发电单轴跟踪控制系统设计 .................................................................................... - 21 - 4.1 程序控制流程图 ........................................................................................................ - 21 - 4.2 太阳高度角和方位角的计算 .................................................................................... - 22 - 4.3 控制系统所要实现的功能分析 ................................................................................ - 23 - 4.4一次电路原理图 ......................................................................................................... - 24 - 结 论 ...................................................................................................................................... - 26 - 致 谢 ...................................................................................................................................... - 27 - 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................ - 28 - 附 录 ...................................................................................................................................... - 29 -
III