发布时间 : 星期一 文章江苏省南京市金陵中学海安高级中学南京外国语学校2019届高三第四次模拟考试英语试题 含解析更新完毕开始阅读5bad03c2a9114431b90d6c85ec3a87c241288a2b
in, perhaps because they anticipate needing a similar favor someday. Using game theory to determine what conditions would make line-cutting socially permissible, researchers found that people queuing just once display little tolerance for line-cutting. But when the queue repeats, people let in intruders who claim an urgent need or who require minimal service time.
An excuse for cutting helps, but it needn’t be bulletproof. In one much-cited study, experimenters tried to jump photocopier queues using one of three explanations. A small, polite request without justification—“Excuse me, I have five pages. May I use the Xerox machine?”— enabled them to cut 60 percent of the time. Adding that they were rushed allowed them to cut 94 percent of the time. And “May I use the Xerox machine, because I need to make copies?” was almost as effective, despite its lame offer.
Bribing(贿赂) can also work, and it may not even cost you. In one study, queuers were offered cash by an undercover researcher if they’d let the researcher cut. A majority agreed, but oddly, most of them then refused the cash. They appreciated the offer not out of greed, but because it proved the intruder’s desperation.
Keep in mind that tolerance for line-cutting varies across cultures. One survey of foreigners living in Spain revealed many differences in queuing rules. An Irish respondent said indignantly, “They say ‘I just want to ask a quick question’ and go right up to the counter … I’m ready to explode.” A German subject angrily described a fellow supermarket shopper: “A woman walked right in front of me and put her things on the counter. She says ‘No [it’s] okay, we’re together, pointing to the other woman who had just finished paying … It seems that in Spain that’s allowed. Incredible.”
Back in America, the worst sin of line-cutting is pretending you’re not doing it. Like members of any community, queuers want their customs observed. We’d all escape line-waiting if we could, but that way chaos lies. So if you must cut, just ask—nicely. Doing so strengthens the social contract, and it works.
Brief introduction to waiting in line * With the rise of the Industrial Revolution, cutting in line grew in ___71___. * It is ___72___ that Americans’ attitudes towards line-cutting vary from person to person in view of wasting a considerable amount of time a year in lines. * Given that they are likely to be in your ___73___ some day, queuers probably allow you to jump the queue in repeating situations. Tips on cutting in line politely * According to game theory, the action of line-cutting cannot be ___74___ when people queue just once. * When you assume an air of ___75___, you will have a greater possibility of being allowed to cut in line. * Actually queuers allow you to cut in line not due to your bribing but your ___76___. ___77___ distinctions in tolerance for line-cutting
* Line-cutting meets with a(n) ___78___ response from the Irish and the German, while the Spanish seem to react ___79___. * Americans strongly ___80___ to it when queue-jumpers pretend they are not doing it. 【答案】71. popularity/currency 72. understandable/acceptable 73. shoes/position/situation 74. tolerated
75. hurry/rush/emergency 76. desperation/despair 77. Cultural
78. angry 79. differently/otherwise
80. object 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者就如何礼貌地插队，提出了一些可行的建议。 【71题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第一段“ it wasn’t common until the Industrial Revolution synchronized (同步) workers’ schedules, causing lines that run out of lunch hours and evenings. Given that Americans are estimated to collectively waste tens of billions of hours a year in lines, it’s no wonder that some people try to cut,..”可知，直到工业革命统一了工人的工作时间，排队才变得常见。排队浪费了午餐时间和晚上时间。据估计，美国人每年浪费在排队上的时间总计达数百亿小时，难怪有些人试图插队。所以随着工业革命的发展，排队流行了起来，同时插队也流行了起来。所以通过“common”，可以判断出填popularity/currency。故填popularity/currency。 【72题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第一段“Yet jumping the queue without inviting violence is possible”可知，然而，不强行插队也是可能的。所以鉴于美国人每年要浪费大量的时间在排队上，所以美国人对待插队的态度因人而异。他们认为插队是可以接受的。所以通过“possible”，可以判断出填understandable/acceptable 。故填understandable/acceptable。 【73题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第二段“ people are more likely to let you in, perhaps because they anticipate needing a similar favor someday.”可知，人们更可能让你插队，也许是因为他们预计有一天会需要类似的帮助。所以如果他们处在你的境地来思考，他们可能让你插队。所以通过“ a similar favor”可以判读出填shoes。be in one’s shoes 这个习语表示“处于某人的境地或处境来设想”故填shoes/position/situation。 【74题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第二段“ Using game theory to determine what conditions would make line-cutting socially permissible, researchers found that people queuing just once display little tolerance for line-cutting.”可知，研究人员利用博弈论来确定什么条件会让插队成为社会允许的行为，他们发现，仅仅排队一
次的人对插队的容忍度很低。所以根据博弈论，仅仅排队一次的人对插队是不能容忍的。所以根据“tolerance” 。可以判断出填tolerated。故填tolerated。 【75题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第二段“But when the queue repeats, people let in intruders who claim an urgent need or who require minimal service time.”可知，但是当排队一直在持续时，人们会让声称有紧急需求或需要最少服务时间的插队者插队。所以当你装出一副匆忙的样子时，你被允许插队的可能性会更大。所以通过“urgent need，minimal service time”可以判读出填 hurry/rush/emergency 。故填hurry/rush/emergency。 【76题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第四段“They appreciated the offer not out of greed, but because it proved the intruder’s desperation.可知，他们让你插队，不是因为他们的贪婪，而是因为插队证明了插队者的绝望，他们看到了这种绝望。所以事实上，排队者允许你插队不是因为你的贿赂，而是因为你的绝望。所以本句属于“desperation”的再现。故填desperation/despair。 【77题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第五段“Keep in mind that tolerance for line-cutting varies across cultures”可知，请记住，不同文化对插队的容忍度各不相同。所以小题2在说文化的差异。所以通过“culture”可以判断填cultural。故填Cultural。 【78题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第五段“ An Irish respondent said indignantlyA German subject angrily described a fellow supermarket shopper: ”可知，一位爱尔兰受访者愤怒地说。一位德国人愤怒地描述一位超市购物者。所以插队遭到了爱尔兰人和德国人的愤怒回应。所以通过“indignantly，angrily ”可以判断出填angry。故填angry。 【79题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第五段“It seems that in Spain that’s allowed. Incredible.”可知，在西班牙，这似乎是允许的。令人难以置信的。所有在对比西班牙人和爱尔兰人、德国人对于插队的反应。西班牙人的反应截然不同。故填differently/otherwise。 【80题详解】