发布时间 : 星期三 文章2018年北京市海淀区高三二模英语试题更新完毕开始阅读60653680bdd126fff705cc1755270722182e59dc
C. He got the Course Requirements sheet from his classmate D. He experienced differences from the Indian schools in many ways 38.How did the author feel at the end of the day?
A. Worried B. Puzzled C. Relieved D. Excited
B
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone
else's life. At one type of library, you can do just that--even though there's not a single book.
At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life
For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.
According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.
The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since.
Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren’t places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don’t need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.
The stories these \
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very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can't judge a book by its cover---or by its title or label. 39. The “books” in human libraries are____________. A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble C. events in which people can talk to volunteers D. unfairly-treated people sharing their experiences 40. The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______. A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence B. attempted to replace traditional physical libraries C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization D. led to a pleasing development for the community with racism 41. In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________. A. deepen their understanding of people B. enrich their own personal experiences C. hear the stories from all over the world D. make quick judgments about the “books” 42. The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. compare and evaluate B. inform and explain C. discuss and persuade D. analyze and suggest
C
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that \feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual’s success despite the
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challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years al Columbia University 's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. \to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. \only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. \we think about things,\Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
43. According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________. A. to think critically B. to decide one’s own fate C. to live a better life D. to recover from adversity 44. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The psychologists B. The resilient children C. Positive elements D. Internal locus of control 45. According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________. A. your positive perception may turn adversity around B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time 46. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage? A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity C. To indicate people’s perception varies from each other
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D. To compare different research findings about resilience
D
Science is finaly beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens. As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of \伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat? 47. According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________. A. interaction B. analysis C. creation D. abstraction 48. The research into pigs shows that pigs___________. A. learn letters quickly B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
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