发布时间 : 星期六 文章高中英语语法重点点拨集更新完毕开始阅读60b8b9804afe04a1b171de64
目 录
定语从句 …………………………………………………………… 1 名词性从句 ………………………………………………………… 3 状语从句 …………………………………………………………… 6 非谓语动词 ………………………………………………………… 13 情态动词 …………………………………………………………… 18 虚拟语气 …………………………………………………………… 21 动词的时态 ………………………………………………………… 24 动词的语态 ………………………………………………………… 31 主谓一致 …………………………………………………………… 3
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定语从句
定语：用于修饰名词或代词的成分，即定语。
定语类型：前置定语（物主代词、数词、形容词） the beautiful girl 那个漂亮的女孩
后置定语（介词短语、不定式、分词、句子） the girl in red 那个穿着红色衣服的女孩 the girl talking to me正在和我说话的那个女孩 the girl to come here 要来这的那个女孩 the girl who is coming here 要来这的那个女孩
定语从句：置于名词或代词后，充当该名词或代词定语的句子，即定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 3、关系词的用法： 关 系 词 关 副 关 代 指人/ 物 as 地点 时间 原因 指物 指人 作主语 作宾语 作主语 作宾语 作定语 作主宾表 where when why 介词+ which at/in/…+which at/in/on…+which for+which that,who that,who,whom,省略 that,which that,which,省略 Whose（若指物，可同of which互换；） 注：选择关系词关键看先行词和它在从句中作什么成分而定。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮。 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 I'll never forget the days (which/that//) I spent together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共渡的日子。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Beijing is the place (which/that//)I visited last year. 北京是我去年参观过的地方。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ Is this the reason（which/that//）you explained to me?这就是你给我解释的原因吗？ （二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
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2.非限制性定语从句:从句与先行词关系不密切,去掉从句,意思仍完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. （三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 1.that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：
①先行词为不定代词anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none等时 ②先行词有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰；③先行词有the only, the very, the just 等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑤当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。 There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。 Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game? 2）用which而不用 that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句； ②代表整个主句的意思； ③介词 + 关系代词。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。 2.as和which引导的定语从句 1）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。 This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 ②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as we all know, as I expect，as is announced,as is said 等。 As I expect, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 2）as与which引导定语从句时的相同点
①都可引导定语从句；②都可指整个主句；③都可在从句中作主宾表
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别（除了that以外的其他关系词也可引导非限制性定语从句） ①当主句和从句语义一致时，即表正如，正像之意，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。 He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②as引导非限制定语从句位于句首,句中或句末，并有逗号和主句隔开；而which引导非限制定语从句只位于句末，并有逗号和主句隔开。 Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all. 3. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。 The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 【注】This is one of the rooms that are free now． 这是目前空着的房间之一。
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。 4. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语或状语隔开。 There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，不要拆开。
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The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
7.当先行词way 意为方式，方法且在从句中作状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有that/in which或省略。 I don’t understand the way that/in which/- they worked out the problem.
8.先行词是time时,表次数用that引导,that 可省略;表一段时间用when或at/during + which引导定语从句。 This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. There was a time when/during which women had no right to vote.
名词性从句
名词：通常在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语
名词性从句：即在句子中起到名词作用的句子，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词
连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why
连接词 whether, if ―是否‖不充当句子的任何成分。
that只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义
二、名词从句的分类
1.主语从句 ：用作主语的从句叫主语从句 That she likes such kind of films is very interesting. Whether he will come remains a question. What she is doing is none of your business. Whoever comes will be welcome. Where he has been is still a puzzle. However you do it is all right with me. 2.表语从句： 表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的系动词之后
The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。 The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。 China is no longer what it used to be. 中国已不是从前那个样子了。 This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。 3.宾语从句：在句中可以作谓语动词或介词或某些形容词的宾语 They know that the habit may kill them. They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. The teacher is satisfied with what she has said I’m glad that I can go with you..
4.同位语从句:同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、fact、demand、doubt、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。 The news that we won the game is exciting.
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