发布时间 : 星期三 文章翻译理论与实践(2008)更新完毕开始阅读646feb08bb68a98271fefa93
Translation (Workbook)
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(62) But even in winter, when the food they'd put down from the garden was gone and
they were forced to accept government rice and beans, Dad kept up his subscription. 增加承上启下的动词
(63)?he had stumbled on a buried memory, a wild sweet time, swiftly choked and
ended.
(64)?Ashurst, on his silver-wedding day, longed for——he knew not what.
(65) Lieutenant Blandford remembered one night in particular, the worst of the
fighting, when his plane had been caught in the midst of a pack of Zeros. He had seen the grinning face of the enemy pilots.
(66) Next time you doubt yourself, I want you to hear my voice reciting to you: \for thou art with me'\ And he had remembered; he had heard her imagined voice, and it had renewed his strength and skill. 3 减词译法(Reduction)
1) Types of reduction defined by Nida
a. simplification of doublets, e.g., “answering, he said,” becomes “he answered”; b. reduction of repetition, e.g., “verily, verily,” must in some languages be reduced to one “verily”, for repetition does not convey the same meaning that is dos in Greek;
c. omission of specification of participants, e.g., the overabundant use of “God” as subject of so many sentences in the first chapter of Genesis (in some language certain of these occurrences of “God ” must be eliminated in order to avoid syntactic confusion); d. loss of conjunctions, when hypotactic structures are reduced to paratactic ones; e. reduction of formulas, e.g., “for his names? sake” maybe changed to “for his sake”;
f. more extensive ellipsis than may be typical of the Greek or Hebrew; that is to say, while some languages require expansion of possible ellipsis, some languages prefer more extensive ellipsis than occurs in the source-language texts;
g. the simplification of highly repetitious style, often associated with stateliness of form and importance of the theme, e.g., the first chapter of Genesis. While in Hebrew such repetitions and pleonasms may have a valued liturgical significance, a close formal paralleled in another language may seem awkwardly heavy.
2) 功能词的省略 (loss of conjunctions / omission of specification of participants) (1) Smoking is prohibited in public places.
(2) A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.
(3) (She jerked the bill furiously from my hand stepped away from the window .)In a moment she reappeared to hurl my change and the ticket on the counter with such force(that)most of it fell on the floor at my feet?I stooped to pick up my change and ticket from the floor. 3) 结构性省略
(4) They could be adapted to the waging of people?s war of liberation but were rather
useless in an anti-people?s war.
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Translation (Workbook)
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4)冗余信息载体的省略 / 化显为隐
(5) His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. (6) He was now open to charges of willful blindness.
(7) When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in myhands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up anddown to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. A：她把搅拌桨包上了，手柄露在外面。我把它拿过来看了一阵，(你)一眼就能
看出因手握搅拌器上下搅动制作奶油而在木柄上留下的深深的印痕。
B：她把搅乳器包上了，手柄露在外面。我把它拿过来看了一阵。(你)一眼就能
看出木柄上手把之处留下的深深的印痕。
C：她把搅乳器包上了，木手柄露在外面。我把它拿过来看了一阵。(你)一眼就
能看出手把之处留下的深深的印痕。
下画线显性表述，i.e.冗余信息载体；斜体字表示隐性表述载体。适度内化的译文应包括以下5个内容：
(8) In the bus station lobby, I looked for signs indicating a colored waiting room, but saw none.
是否充分传递了原文的内容，有没有漏译；是否遵守了经济、省力原则，是否符合译语表达习惯；隐性表述内容是否存在于读者的知识结构中；语境里有没有激活含意因素及其载体；译文的难度是否与原文一致。 4. 词性转换现象的解释 (Conversion) 1）谓词中心视点
它们是学习文件。(2)他们在学习文件。(3)他们学习了文件。 (1)The sight and sound of our jet planes [filled] me with special longing. (2)一想到将来，我感到浑身有用不完的力气。
The thought of the future [fills] me with boundless energy and strength.
(3)Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man?s past wrong doings.
(4)Fenella?s father pushed on with quick, [nervous] strides. Beside him grandma bustled along in her crackling black ulster; they went so fast that she had now and again to give an [undignified] little skip to keep up with them. 2) 副词、形容词和介词的转译
(5)Perhaps she would prod at the straw in her clumsy impatience. (6)Buckley was in a clear minority.
(7) He is physically weak but mentally sound. (8)As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. (9) The man ran back down into the cellar.
(10)“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the
veranda, and into the porch. 5. 重复译法 1) 回指性重复 ? 代词回指
(1) A continuous concomitant of contact between two mutually incomprehensible
tongues and one that does not lead either to suppression or extension of either is translation.
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Translation (Workbook)
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(2) As conscientious parents, we strive to foster independence. But when it happens,
when you pause outside that door and look at the blank panels it is a little uneasing.
(3) You could never pick him out in a crowd. He became just another man the minute
her was in one.
? 具有替代功能的语言单位回指
具有替代功能的语言单位：such, counterpart, substitute, the former, the latter, affirmative, negative, alternative, instead, do, reverse等等 。
(4) Easton looked alternatively at the list of debts and the 3 letters, and then he
said?(The Financiers) (5)“Don't get up,”says Dee. Since I am stout it takes something of a push. You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it.
(6)（Do not touch the exhibits）?These objects, however, were different. Lined up
against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres? In the center of the hall there were number of tall structures which contained coloured lights.
(7) More often, the heart disease process progresses silently until symptoms occur
because the pump is not supplying blood in sufficient quantity to other organs. (8) \
There being nothing eatable within his reach, Olive relied in the affirmative. (9) Suddenly the enraged elephant burst from the jungle and charged toward us.
Coolly I raised my gun and shot him cleanly between the eyes. The wild beast
slowly toppled to his side. ? 语法单位的回指
(10)He made an attempt to square his shoulders which did not succeed.(Blackmail) (11)“The best way is to write out a list of every thing we owe; then we shall know
exactly where we are. You get me a piece of paper and tell me what to write. Then we'll see what it all comes to.”(The Financiers) 2) 直接重复法 ? 同字面重复
(12)I can read every word that Dr. Johnson wrote with delight, for he had good sense, charm and wit. ? 异字面重复
(13) Having relied for too long on the old strategy “out of sight, out of mind” ，we
are now running out of ways to dispose of our waste in a manner that keeps it out of either sight or mind.
(14) London is a junction of many roads also of many influences.
(15)The distinction had perhaps been felt too strongly. It had given him a disgust to
his business and to his residence in a small market town; and quitting them both, he had removed with his family to a house a mile from Merino, denominated from that period Laces Lodge…
(16) There is no double the war in China was an extremely brutal one involving
widespread atrocities, and it has left a deep and bitter legacy in both China and Japan.
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Translation (Workbook)
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(17)France, Russia and Germany were soon pressuring China to cede them ports, naval bases and special economic privileges and to deny Japan its newly won rights.)
6. 正反`反正 表达法(Affirmative to negative & vice versa) 1) 调整表达手段的前提：
? 正说-－以肯定说法表达原文的否定形式所传递的信息；反说――以否定说法
表达原文的肯定形式所传递的信息；原文的逻辑关系、目的语的表达习惯、有时，在目的语中正反表达都可以，但表达效果不同。 2) 翻译中的正反表现形式
? Full negatives：nothing, nobody , nowhere. no ,not, none, never, neither, nor, etc. ? Absolute negatives：not at all, by no means , in no way, nothing short of etc. ? Words with negative affixes：de- dis- im- in- un- -less ir- il- etc. ? Semi negatives：hardly, scarcely, seldom , barely, few, little, etc.
? Words with negative implication：ail, without , beyond, unless, lest, ignorant of ,
refrain, refuse, neglect, rather than, except etc.
3) 摆脱原文形式束缚，以句子内在的逻辑关系表达依据。 (1) It is a long lane that has no turning.
(2) As for the time of the attack, Hitler told his reluctant generals, \take place too early. It is to take place in all circumstances (if at all possible) this autumn.
(3)It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. (4) You can't be too careful in crossing the road.
4) 英汉表达习惯不同，在反映同一内容，同一情景的前提下，按汉语习惯表达。 (5) There is a notice on the power line port,\
(6) Your letter of April 18 has come to hand but the enclosure is wanting.
(7) 15.Miss Ingram was a mark beneath jealousy; she was too inferior to excite the feeling.
5) 以表达效果为措词依据
(8) The earth is tilted a little. It is always tilted the same amount in the same direction. (9) It was not without infinite labour that I felled this tree.
(10) Mexico City is an earthquake zone and earth tremors are not unusual. 6) 否定两端的译法
(1) Not that it can be disputed the light toil requisite to cultivate a moderately-sized
garden imparts such zest to kitchen vegetables as is never found in those of the market gardener.
(2) This reproach of my dependence had become a vague sing-song in my ear, very
painful and crushing, but only half-intelligible. 7) 具体情况具体处理
判断表达方式的几个问题：翻译单位的概念是否定还是肯定；在与原文相对应的情况下根据目的语的表达习惯选择表达形式；根据目的语的语篇衔接需要选择表达形式。
(13) She stood still, trying vainly to answer the battery of questions the teacher raised. (14) His papers would be disarranged on the desk and his pipes would be lying
around.
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