发布时间 : 星期五 文章2000考研英语真题中英对照解析更新完毕开始阅读673f2e323968011ca300910a
of it是两个并列的主语，千万不要理解成people与the opportunity是between的并列宾语。
△and连接的两个并列部分是differences between people和the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it，而不是people和the opportunity。另外注意句中的it指代的是differences between people。
③The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80％ of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
▲该句的主语是The grand mediocrity，谓语是means，其后跟着that引导的宾语从句that natural selection has lost 80％ of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes，其中compared to the tribes是分词结构作状语，省略了if/when being。破折号中间everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring是典型的插入语，其中survival和number of offspring都是介词in的宾语。
△grand在此处不是“宏伟，壮丽”的意思，而是“程度很深”；mediocrity也非“平庸，平常”，而是“平均化”或“折衷”；offspring是“后代”。另外要理解natural selection has lost 80％ of its power in upper-middle-class India的意思，这里是指在原来的社会不平等的情况下，印度中上层阶级拥有一些能使自己在自然选择中处于优势的特权，而随着医疗和卫生条件的改变，下层人民也拥有同样的生存条件，因此中上层阶级就丧失了80％的自然选择中的优势。
④Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they \as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.\
▲冒号后的句子是主句中a phrase的同位语。该同位语从句中的结构是A does something as B does something（A做某事的样子正像B做某事的样子）。
△those ignorant of evolution指对生物进化过程一无所知的人，其后的they也指代这些人。最后的his指代前面的a savage。beyond his comprehension超出了他的理解范围。
2000 Passage 3 达到（某年龄、水平、状况) n.1.提倡者,拥护者2.辩护律师,辩护人
[?'ten]vt. & vi.1.实现,达到,获得 [?d'va?z?b?l]adj.明智的; 可取的 ['?dv?,ket] vt.提倡, 主张
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out
what its advocates are
当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时，理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在，
['fɑr'f?t?t]adj.牵强的 [?n'riz?n?b?l]adj.1.不讲道理的,非理智的2.过分的,太多的
aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in
因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议， [?n'riz?n?b?l]adj. 1.不讲道理的,非理智的2.过分的,太多的
['fju:t??rist]n.未来主义者, 未来派艺术家 ['po?tri]n. 1.诗篇,诗歌,诗集2.作诗法,诗
歌艺术3.诗情,诗意
years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather
将来都有可能被视为正常的。然而，就未来派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同，
[?d'm?t]vt. & vi. 1.许可进入2.承认,供认
difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be
因为无论未来派诗歌为何物——即使承认其理论根据可能正确，
vt.把…归入某等级,把…看作 ['l?t?r?,t??r, -t??]n.1.文学,文学作品2.文献,图书资料
right — it can hardly be classed as Literature. 也很难称之为文学。
简单地说, 简而言之 adv.有条件地
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally
简而言之，未来派诗人宣称：一个世纪以来，过去的生活一直在有条件地急剧变化；
加速 ['kɑns?,kw?ntli]adv.所以, 因此
speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts
现在，我们生活在一个充斥着喧嚣、暴力和快节奏的世界之中。因此，
[,?nd?'ɡo]vt.经历，经受（变化、不快的事等） [,k?r?'spɑnd, ,kɑr-]vi.1.相符合,相一致2.相当,相类似3.通信
and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a
我们的感情、思想和情绪都经历了相应的变化。未来派诗人声称，这种加速的生活节奏需要一种新的表达形式。
[?n't?pr?t]vt. 1.解释;说明2.把…理解为；领会3.演绎（按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色）vt. & vi.口译; 翻译
new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must
如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力，就必须加快文学发展的步伐。
涌出3.倾诉;倾吐 2.本质的,实质的n.1.要素,要点2.必需品3.实质 ['fa?,na?t]adj.1.有限的,有限度的2.〈语〉限定的
1.倒出;使流出 [?'s?n??l]adj. 1.必不可少的,非常重要的 ['?n'h?mp?d]adj.无妨碍的,无阻碍的 ['?d??kt?v]n.形容词
pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.
我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。 ['kwɑl?,fa?]adj.使具有资格的 [v?b]n.动词
['?m?,tet]vt. 1.模仿2.把…作为例子3.模仿（某人的讲话、举止
Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and
我们不应描绘声音，我们必须造出模仿声音的词语；
任意, 随意
different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同型号和不同颜色的墨水，任意缩短或加长词语。
n.翻倒,扰乱adj.1.心烦的2.不舒服的 [k?n'fjuzd]adj.1.糊涂的,迷乱的2.混杂的,不清楚的 [?p's?t]vt. & vi.打翻,弄翻vt.1.打乱,扰乱2.使苦恼,使心烦;使不适
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting
to read in the
他们对战斗的描述确实让人很难理解。但是读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注解时，则令人有点生厌， [?k'spl?n?,t?ri]adj.解释的,说明的,阐述的 ['t?k??]adj.土耳其的;土耳其人的n.土耳其语 [b?l'ɡ?ri?n, b?l-]n.保加利亚人
explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge
注解中说该诗描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了搏斗，
off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and
结果双双从桥上掉进河中——结果，诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起：
the weights of the officers: \
“扑通！扑通！185公斤。”
[f?l'f?l]vt.1.履行(诺言等);完成(任务等);实现2.执行(命令等);服从3.达到(目的);满足(愿望等)4.使结束;使完整
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All
尽管这符合未来派诗歌的规则和要求，却很难被归入文学之列。
[?'mo??n?l]adj. 1.表现强烈情感的,令人动情的2.易动感情的,情绪激动的3.感情的,情绪的
the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life
实际上，没有一个善于思考的人会拒绝接受他们的第一个观点：即情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。
要求 [i'sen??li]adv. 1.本质上;根本上,基本上2.必需的
calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗？
①When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
▲该句是一个因果关系的并列句，表示结果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。而for与it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之间是一个插入语，也是由however+形容词引导的状语从句，意为“不管他们（这群前卫艺术家们）的时尚原则在今天看来多么牵强无理”。 △句中attain原意为“达到”，此处应理解为“发展成”；advocates指倡导的人；however不是“然而”，而是“不论多么”。 ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature.
▲该句也是一个因果关系的并列句。结果为With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入语，表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系；原因为for之后的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折号之间的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入语，on which it is based是the theory的定语从句，it指代Futurist poetry。
△注意however一词是对上一句内容的转折信号，了解这一点，the case is rather difficult的意思就不难领会了。同时要抓住作者的态度，他对未来主义诗歌是持完全否定的态度的。