发布时间 : 星期一 文章研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷更新完毕开始阅读68f4a5c22cc58bd63186bda0
places like to \it\Other campgrounds offer campers such comforts as electricity , outdoor fireplaces, and (41) showers. In the United States, (42) campgrounds are publicly owned. The national parks and many national monuments and national forests have land (43) for campers. State governments also run campgrounds in state-owned parks and forests. Even counties and cities may have their own (44) .
A few years ago, campers (45) find room to camp in a public campground. But today, government owned campgrounds are often overcrowded. To meet the (46) of the ever growing number of campers some businessmen are opening privately owned land to campers. More private campgrounds are opening (47) the country. The campers usually pay a (48) fee than they pay at government- owned grounds. But many private parks also offer more comfort. And (49) public parks and forests become greatly overcrowded, private campgrounds will give more people the chance to (50) camping. 36. a. recent b. today c. modern d. late 37. a. a crowd of b. the number of c. thousands of d. the whole of 38. a. Any b. Many c. Some d. Those 39. a. head for b. go down c. get on d. come for 40. a. wash b. pitch c. patch d. make 41. a. little b. then c. enough d. even 42. a. most b. all the c. neither of d. altogether 43. a. leave b. set aside c. make d. call 44. a. governments b. parks and forests c. national lands d. campgrounds 45. a. ought b. might c. would d. could 46. a. places b. needs c. states d. rooms 47. a. of b. above c. to d. across 48. a. higher b. larger c. greater d. bigger 49. a. although b. if c. as d. unless 50. a. enjoy b. fix c. take d. open
PART IV. READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes) (30%)
Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Passage 1
At a very low temperature the molecules in a crystal of iodine lie rather quietly in their places in the crystal. As the temperature increases, the molecules become more and more agitated; each one bounds back and forth more and more vigorously in the little space left for it by its neighbors. This increase in molecular motion with increase in temperature is termed thermal oscillation. A molecule on the surface of the crystal is held to the crystal by the forces of attraction that its neighboring molecules exert on it. These forces, which operate between all molecules when they are close together, are called van der Wals attractive forces, after the Dutch physicist J. D. van der Wals, who first gave a thorough discussion of intermolecular forces within gases and liquids. These
attractive forces are quite weak; hence, occasionally, a certain molecule will become so agitated as to break loose from its neighbors and fly off into the surrounding space. If the iodine crystal is in a vessel, there will soon be present within the vessel, through this process of evaporation, a large number of free molecules. The free molecules constitute iodine vapor or iodine gas, which is violet in color and has a characteristic odor. It may seem surprising that molecules on the surface of a crystal should evaporate directly to a gas, but, in fact, the process of slow evaporation of a crystalline substance is not uncommon. Solid pieces of naphthalene, used in moth balls, left out in the air slowly decrease in size, because of the evaporation of molecules from the surface of the solid. Snow may disappear from the ground without melting, by evaporation of the ice crystals at a temperature below that of their melting point. Evaporation is accelerated if a wind is blowing to take the water vapor away from the immediate neighborhood of the snow crystals and to prevent the vapor from condensing again on the crystals. The characteristic feature of a gas is that its molecules are not held together but are moving about freely in a volume rather large compared with the volume of the molecules themselves. The attractive forces between the molecules still operate whenever two molecules come close together, but usually these forces are negligibly small because the molecules are far apart.
51. Van der Wals was the first scientist to describe ______. A.certain forces between molecules B.the evaporation of iodine C.the nature of condensation D.thermal oscillation of molecules 52. The evaporation of iodine \ A.iodine does not repel moths B.iodine is not a liquid C.it can occur at room temperature D.the vapor is colored 53. Molecules of iodine break loose from the crystal due to _____ A.a very low temperature C.motion induced by heat B.the neighboring molecules D.the van der Wals force 54. Snow may disappear from the ground without melting as ______. A.condensation occurs B.the crystals change to vapor C.the temperature is above the melting point D.wind blows the snow away 55.The \ A.agitation C.attraction B.condensation D.evaporation Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: Passage 2
The railroads played a key role in the settlement of the West. They provided relatively easy access to the region for the first time, and they also actively received farmers to settle there (the Santa Fe Railroad, for example, brought 10,000 German Mennonites to Kansas). The railroads are criticized for their part in settling the West too rapidly, with its resultant economic unrest. (After the Civil War vast
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Great Plains area was settled all at once.) Of course, there were abuses connected with building and operating the railroads, but it must be pointed out that they performed a useful service in extending the frontier and helping to achieve national unity. The real tragedy of the rapid settlement of the Great Plains was the shameful way in which the American Indians were treated. Threatened with the destruction of their whole mode of life, the Indians fought back savagely against the white man's final thrust. Justice was almost entirely on the Indians' side. The land was clearly theirs; frequently their title was legally certified by a treaty negotiated with the federal government. The Indians, however, lacked the military force and political power to protect this right. Not only
were defeated in the end.
D.The Atlantic coast Indians were unfamiliar with horses.
60.Which of the following characteristics of the passage suggests that the abuse of the Indians is a more significant topic than the beneficial role of the railroads? A.The statement that the railroads are criticized for their part in settling the West too rapidly.
B.The amount of discussion devoted to the abuse of the Indians. C.The reliance on statistical details in both the first and second paragraphs. D.The very brief mention of the migration of German Mennonites. Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
did white men encroach upon the Indians' hunting grounds, but they Passage 3 rapidly destroyed the Indians' principal means of existence---the buffalo. It has been estimated that some 15 million buffalo roamed the plains in the 1860s. By 1869 the railroads had cut the herd in half, and by 1875 the southern herd was all but eliminated. By the middle of the 1880s the northern herd was also a thing of the past. Particularly irritating to the Indians was the fact that the white man frequently killed the buffalo merely for sport, leaving the valuable animal to rot in the sun. The plains Indians were considered different from the Indians encountered by the English colonists on the Atlantic coast. Mounted on horses descended from those brought by the Spanish to Mexico many years before, typical plains Indians were fierce fighters who could shoot arrows with surprising accuracy while galloping at top speed. Although they quickly adapted themselves to the use of the rifle, the Indians were not equal to the
firepower of the United States army and thus were doomed to defeat. 56. The author's attitude toward the treatment of American Indians by whites is one of ______.
A.qualified regret C.strong disapproval B.violent anger D.objective indifference 57.Which of the following does the author imply about the forces at work during the settlement of the Great Plains?
A.The federal government represented the moral use of law. B.Justice was overcome by military firepower.
C.The settlers' hatred and fear was made up for the Indians' attempts at kindness. D.The Indians and the white settlers shared a sporting interest in the hunting of buffalo.
58. Which of the following is concrete evidence that the white settlers did not need the buffalo for their own existence, as did the Indians? A.More than half of the great buffalo herd had disappeared by 1869. B.Buffalo were killed and left rotting in the sun by whites.
C.The railroad brought necessary food and supplies to the white settlers from the East.
D.The white settlers had their own hunting grounds separate from the Indians. 59. What is the point of the comparison between plains Indians and the Indians encountered on the Atlantic coast?
A.The Atlantic coast Indians were not as abused by white settlers. B.Because they were considerably better fighters than the Atlantic coast Indians, the plains Indians were a match for the United States military.
C.The plains Indians put violent threat to the whites although they
For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand that is intrinsic and substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he as in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also
contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be
useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine
that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.
61. The most important advances made by mankind come from ______.
A.technical applications B.apparently useless information C.the natural sciences D.philosophy 62. The author does not include among the sciences the study of ___.
A.chemistry C.anthropology B.astronomy D.literature 38
63.The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections _____ A.were mathematicians B.were interested in navigation C.were unaware of the value of their studies D.worked with electricity 64. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ______. A.Technical Progress B.Man's Distinguishing Characteristics
66. In paragraph 1, the words \
A.unaffected by C.unlikely to be seen by B.hurt by D.unknown by 67.The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ______. A.unrealistic C.concerned B.traditional D.uncaring
68. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage? C.Learning for Its Own Sake D.The Difference between Science and Philosophy 65. The practical scientist ______. A.knows the value of what he will discover B.is interested in the unknown C.is a philosopher D.conceives of contemporary life Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage: Passage 4
Racket, din, clamor, noise. Whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds--sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night. The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many
noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nonetheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health. Of the many health hazards related to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to issues and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body. Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest. Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.
A.Noise is a major problem; its importance is recognized by most people. B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem. C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such. D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done. 69. The author condemns noise primarily because it ______. A.is against the law B.can make some people irritable C.is a nuisance D.is a danger to people's health
70. The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be__.
A.unimportant C.a waste of money B.impossible D.essential Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:
Passage 5 The humorous story may be spun out to great length, and may wander around as much as it pleases, and arrive nowhere in particular; but the comic story and the witty story must be brief and end with a point. The humorous story bubbles gently along, the other two burst. The humorous story is strictly a work of art--high and
delicate art--and only an artist can tell it; but no art is necessary in telling the comic and witty stories; anybody can do it. The art of telling a humorous story--I mean by word of mouth, not print--was created in America, and has remained at home. The humorous story is told gravely; the teller does his best to conceal the fact that he even dimly suspects that there is anything funny about it; but the teller of the comic story tells you beforehand that it is one of the funniest things he has ever heard, then tells it with eager delight, and is the first person to laugh when he gets through. And sometimes, if he has had good success, he is so glad and happy that he will repeat the \
applause, and then repeat it again. It is a pathetic thing to see. 71. Which story takes the longest to tell? A.The humorous story. B.The comic story. C.The witty story. D.All three take the same amount of time. 72. Which story has no particular point? A.The humorous story. C.The witty story. B.The comic story. D.All three. 73. The humorous story ______. A.was created abroad B.is also appreciated in other countries
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C.is essentially American B.sense of responsibility D.willingness to work hard D.is more popular in other countries than in the U. S. 74. The teller of a humorous story ______. A.laughs at his own joke B.is very serious when he tells it
79. The scientist's work was based on ______. A.occasional observations B.systematic observations C.observations of several nests
C.repeats it several times D.observations of an undisturbed nest D.is concerned about the reaction of his listeners 75. The teller of a comic story ______. A.tells it only once B.doesn't care whether his listeners enjoy it C.tells the listener beforehand that his story is funny D.is very serious when telling it Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:
Passage 6
Through a series of experiments an American scientist has obtained an understanding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants examined are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they cultivate gardens on soil made from finely chopped leaves. This is a complex operation requiring considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ant can be divided into four groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs. The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest. To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other-size-groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it. The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of job performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ants were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed.
76. In which way are the ants different from other non-human societies? A.They do not need to search for food. B.They do not need to look for shelter. C.Individuals vary in social status. D.Individuals perform different functions. 77. It seems that smaller ants perform more of the ______. A.construction tasks C.defensive work B.domestic tasks D.heavy work 78. \ A.co-operation in working C.efficiency in working
80. The organization of the ants has the effect of ______. A.getting the most work done B.dividing the work up systematically C.each ant helping with all the tasks D.each ant doing what it can do best PAPER TWO Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes) Section A (10%)
Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
If the countless numbers of young Chinese who this moment are plotting their escape to America knew that the Land of Milk and Honey has proved sour for thousands of their compatriots (同胞), they would not be so eager to make the treacherous journey. Since the first boatload of illegal Chinese aliens was intercepted by U.S. officials in 1991, some 50 Chinese crime groups have smuggled tens of thousands of Chinese into the U.S. each year. The routes vary, some plying the seas, others the air or the overland paths through Mexico. But the sticker price of $20,000 to $35,000 per head holds steady. In the southern coastal province of Fujuan, home to about 80% of these immigrants, families band together to raise the funds, thinking they are making a down payment not only on a loved-one's future but their own as well. For their effort they often bankrupt their savings---only to sell the loved one into slavery.
Section B (10%)
Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
使用原子能的方法目前还是一个严加保守的秘密，但对未来的人们说来，则将成为常识。由于可以获得无穷无尽的动力使整个世界正常运转, 未来的公民将可具有比我们现在更高的生活水平和更多的闲暇。这样，人类就可以把一部分精力从赚取足够的钱财以求生存下去。这种单调的需要中解放出来, 把这些精力用于享受更大的人生乐趣，用于更全面地征服大自然。 PART VI. WRITING (30 minutes) (10%)
Directions: In this part you are allowed to write a composition on the topic: \Against smoking\Chinese and it should be no less than 120 words.
You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet. Outline: 反对吸烟 1. 吸烟的害处 2. 控制吸烟的措施 3. 结束语
Key For Your Reference
1--15 B C B D D D C A C D D A B C A
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