发布时间 : 星期一 文章句子结构常见错误更新完毕开始阅读6c5a611910a6f524ccbf85b4
句子结构常见错误
Sentence Structure Problems
英语句子是受严格的语法规则制约的，在写作中如果违背这些规则， 那么写出的句子就会使人无法理解，或引起歧义。要想避免发生这 些情况，在写作时就必须处理好句子结构方面的几个问题。我们对 常犯的写作错误进行了归纳。残缺句、接排句、误置修饰语和悬垂 修饰语是句子结构中最常见的错误。我将对这些问题逐一进行分析， 以帮助大家弄清写作中出现这些问题的原因，并掌握纠正错误的方法
残缺句(Sentence Fragments)
所谓残缺句，顾名思义，就是指不能独立成句的一个不完整的 句子片断。尽管残缺句在形式上像句子一样是以大写字母开头， 并在结尾处带有标点，然而在逻辑上并不能单独表达一个完整 的意思,仅是一组词而已。请看下列句子：
Fragment Wondering what his son was going to do．
Revised Sentence Mr．Smith had been wondering what his son was going to do．
Fragment Some errors in writing are serious．For example， fragments and run—on sentences．
Revised Sentences Some errors in writing are serious，for example， fragments and run—on sentences．
OR Some errors in writing are serious，among which are
fragments and run-on sentences
虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现，但最常见的形式是被分隔开的从句 和以各种形式拆开的短语，如句号错误(period fault)。 Fragments
Having driven across the desert．We enjoyed the cool weather． He enjoys flowers and shrubs．Which help screen his yard from the street．
Revised Sentences
Having driven across the desert， we enjoyed the cool weather． He enjoys flowers and shrubs，which help screen his yard from the street． 0R
He enjoys flowers and shrubs．They help screen his yard from the street．
在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题，特别要注意那些以从属 连词或短语等开头的句子，这些词都是“危险词”。要确定以这 些词开始的每个从句，都应附属于一个独立的句子。
避免残缺句的最好办法是注意区别句子和句子的一部分。我们 知道句子的最基本特点是在语法和逻辑上是一个完整的意义表 达单位。它至少具有一个主语和谓语。动词的非限定形式不能 在句中作为谓语单独使用，除非是在如Where to go tonight?简 短的问句中。因此在写句子时要特别注意。
改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法：
1将句中用的句号变成逗号，或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属 的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。例如：
Fragments
Since there is a lack of interest．There is a great lack of information．
You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments． Because they are considered serious mistakes in writing．
I look forward to holidays．For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas．
Revised Sentences
Since there is a lack of interest，there is a great lack of information.
You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments because they are considered serious mistakes in writing．
I look forward to holidays，for example，Thanksgiving and Christmas．
2）把残缺句扩展到主句中，或通过添加或减少某些成分。把残缺 改写为独立、完整的句子。例如： Fragments
I am interested only in the properties of citrus fruit．Such as lemons，oranges，and grapefruit．
Having no money and being lonely in the big city.
It was difficult to decide. which choice to make．To return to school or to accept the job．
Revised Sentences
I am interested only in the properties of citrus fruit. Examples are lemons，oranges，and grapefruit．
Having no money and being lonely in the big city，the women committed suicide．
It was difficult to decide whether to return to school or to accept the job．
Directions：Try to revise the following fragments in one or more than one way．
1．Because some students have part-time jobs in addition to going to school
2．The table was covered with fresh vegetables．Such as lettuce， carrots，spinach，and squash．
3．Joe tries to call home once a week．To be in touch with his family
4. He made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook. Which he kept for that purpose.
5. It was a wonderful week. Fishing and swimming every day and dancing every night.
Revised sentences
1．Because some students have part-time jobs in addition to full-time class work，they have very little free time．
2．The table was covered with fresh vegetables such as lettuce，carrots， spinach and squash．
3．Joe tries to call home once a week to keep in touch with his family．
4．He made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook，
which he kept for that purpose．
5．It was a wonderful week．We went fishing and swimming every day and dancing every night．
OR：It was a wonderful week．We fished and swam every day and
danced every night．
2．接排句(Run-on Sentence)
所谓接排句就是两个或更多的句子混合交织在一起，而没有正确 的标点符号标明它们之间关系的句子。这样的句子，意思含混不 清，使读者不能理解各部分之间的关系。接排句有两种形式:一是 融合句(fused sentence)，即在句子之间没有标点符号和句间连接词； 另一种更为常见的形式是逗号连接(comma splice)，即没有并列连 词，只用逗号代替分号和句号，把两个完整的意思连接起来.请看 例句:
Fused Sentences
1. The girls scored higher in math the boys scored higher in verbal skills．
2. Gestures are a means of communication for everyone they are essential for the hearing-impaired．
Comma Splices
1. Education is an elusive word, it often means different things to different people．
2. Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park，the park consists of two million acres of backcountry．
改正接排句的基本方法可根据句子之间的不同关系分为以下5种
1.用句号分隔。当长句或两个句子之间的关系不是很密切或毫无 关系时，可使用这种方法。例如：
Revised Sentences
The girls scored higher in math．The boys scored higher in verbal skills．
Gestures are a means of communication for everyone．They are essential for the hearing-impaired．
Education is an elusive word．It often means different things to different people．
Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park．The park consists of two million acres of backcountry