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一、基本概念 （一） 定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 （二） 先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 （三）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。
一．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表：
先行关系词 词 关who 系人 语 分 主语，宾whom, Do you know the man who is whichtalking with your mother? 从句成例句 备注 和小学英语、英语课件、英语教案、小学英语试题、英语导学案、英语单词短语 小学英语、英语课件、英语教案、小学英语试题、英语导学案、英语单词短语 代whom 词 人 宾语 物 定语 whose 人，Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介that 词提前时后主语，宾A plane is a machine that can fly. 人，物 She is the pop star (that) I want to 面关系代词语 see very much. The book (which) I gave you was 不能省略，worth $10. 物 The picture which was about the 也不可以用语 accident was terrible. that He is such a person as is respected 主语，宾as做宾语一by all of us. 人，物 This is the same pen as I lost 语 般不省略 yesterday. 主语，宾which as 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）
④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）
⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）
注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况
小学英语、英语课件、英语教案、小学英语试题、英语导学案、英语单词短语 小学英语、英语课件、英语教案、小学英语试题、英语导学案、英语单词短语 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下，只用 that。
⑴ 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution.
② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。
例如：① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。
例如：① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. （三）其它情况
⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。 例如：① Which is the bike that you lost?
小学英语、英语课件、英语教案、小学英语试题、英语导学案、英语单词短语 小学英语、英语课件、英语教案、小学英语试题、英语导学案、英语单词短语 ② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? （四）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。
例如：① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时。
例如：① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。 例如：
① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. ② Please show me the book whose cover is red.
⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。 例如：① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. → The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 例如：
Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语）
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