发布时间 : 星期二 文章2011年高考英语语法专题复习 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读6d3a3951f01dc281e53af0e1
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一般将来时 过去将来时 将来进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 will（shall）+动词原形 be going to+动词原形 would+动词原形 will（shall）+be+现在分词 am（is, are）+现在分词 was（were）+现在分词 have（has）+过去分词 had+过去分词 have（has）+been+现在分词 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in two days, etc. 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中 at eight（this time）tomorrow, etc. now, during these days, etc. at eight（this time）yesterday, etc. already, just, yet, since, for…, etc. by…,before, etc. for…, since…, etc. 三 注意以下几种时态的区别 1. 一般过去时和现在完成时 1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。I wrote a letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)
2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。
I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。) 2. 一般过去时和过去进行时
1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。
It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间) 2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。
It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。 I have read that book. (已读完)
2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。 I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)
II、实战演练
用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式
1. 1)---Remember the first time we ____________________ (meet)?
---Of course. You _____________________ (study) in Beijing University then. 2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _________________________ (study) English for a year.
2. 1) The government __________________ (build) two factories in this region since the end of last year. 2) The government ____________________(build) two factories in this region by the end of this year. 3. 1) It ___________ (be) ten years since we left school. 2) It ____________ (be) two years before we leave school.
4. They _______________________ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____________________ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.
5. The pen I ____________ (think) I _____________ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose. 6. If their marketing plans succeed, they _______________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. 7. She said that it ___________ (be) the second time she _______________ (see) the film.
8. I don?t really work here. I _________________ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives. 9. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _____________ (take) off at 18:40.. 10. ---How are you today? ---Oh, _________________ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time. 11. 1) My good friend _______________ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人) 2) My good friend _______________ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来) 12. 1) Where _____________ (be) you? (你在哪儿)
2) Where ____________ you ____________? (be) (你去了哪) 3) Where _____________ he ____________ (go)? (他去哪了)
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13. 1) Mr. John ______________ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了) 2) Mr. John ______________ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国) 14. 1) I _____________________ (read) that book. (读过那本书了) 2) I _____________________ (read) that book all the morning.（一直在读那本书） 15. 1) When I got there, he __________________ the work (做完那工作了) 2) When I got there, he __________________ the work carefully (在认真地做工作) 3) When I got there, he __________________ the work (才要做工作)
答案：1. met, were studying; has been studying 2. has built; will have built 3. is; will be 4.Had been working; are still working 5. thought, had lost 6. will increase 7.was, had seen 8. am just helping 9. takes 10. haven?t felt 11.comes; came 12. are; have been; has gone 13. taught; has taught
14. have read; have been reading 15. had done; was doing; was about to do
语法填空
When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.
“Wouldn?t it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it would,” said his mother, without paying him any attention.
Christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (buy) him as a gift. “I 4 (make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it.
“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand. “I 8 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained.
This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people don?t like new ideas.
答案：1. turned 2. knew 3. had bought 4. will/shall make 5. was not using 6. was finished 7. would like 8. have been working 9. tries 10. has
三、完形填空
Several years ago, a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even __21__ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival.
Despite the diagnosis (诊断), Cousins was __22__ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which __23__ the idea of how body chemistry and health can be __24__ by emotional stress and negative attitudes. The book made Cousins __25__ the possible benefit of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the will to 1ive have positive treatment value?”
He decided to __26__ positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would __27__ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He __28__ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his ??laugh therapy” program his pain began to __29__ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months? time and actually __30__ complete recovery after a few years. 21. A. run B. pass C. move D. travel 22. A. devoted B. determined C. planned D. forced 23. A. discussed B. explained C. presented D. demonstrated 24. A. killed B. ruined C. damaged D. influenced 25. A. remind of B. learn from C. refer to D. think about 26. A. concentrate on B. pick up C. absorb in D. care about 27. A. make up B. set about C. put up D. bring about 28. A. arranged B. appointed C. offered D. afforded 29. A. escape B. decrease C. recover D. end 30. A. received B. sought C. reached D. recognized
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答案：21---25 CBACD 26---30 ADABC
专题十一 动词的语态
I、重点难点解析
高考中通常是把时态和语态结合起来考查的。
动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。如： People speak English all over the world. (the active voice) English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice) 一 动词的被动语态构成一览表（以ask为例） 常用被动语态 构 成 常用被动语态 构 成 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 3 一般将来时 will/shall be asked should/would be asked 9 过去将来完成时 will/would have beenasked 4 过去将来时 5 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may… be asked 现在进行时 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke./ He is often made fun of by his classmates./ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 据说类动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered that…, It is well known that…等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动形式出现。 注意事以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. /The film is worth seeing. 项 /The door won?t shut/open. /The play won?t act. /The clothes washes well. /The book sells well. /The dish tastes delicious. /Water feels very cold. 以下词或短语没有被动态：happen, appear, become, last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have, contain, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, consist of, lose heart, keep up with等。 二 被动语态和系表结构的区别：
1. 被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态； The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态) The cup is broken. (系表结构)
2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时； My bike is being/will be/was repaired. He is/was interested in his work.
3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者； The dress was made by my mother.
II、实战演练
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. As the years passed, many occasions---birthdays, awards, graduations _______________ (mark) with Dad?s flowers.
2. Customers are asked to make sure that they __________________(give) the right change before leaving the shop.
3. Great changes _________________ (take place) in the city, and a lot of factories ________________ (set up).
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4. The police found that the house ____________________ (break into) and a lot of things ____________ (steal).
5. The discussion _______________ (come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
6. The headteacher says that all the preparations for the party __________________________ (complete) by Friday.
7. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________________ (expect) to arrive.
8. The careless driver is ______________ (blame) for the traffic accident that ____________ (happen) yesterday.
9. Flowers usually _______________ (sell) well on Valentine?s Day, so their flowers ______________ (sell) in no time that day.
10. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _______________ (tell) the cloth _______________ (wash) well. 11. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ___________________ (say) to have bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
12. ---Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
---Yes, I have. I guess it ______________________ (grade) now.
13. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ________________________ (discover) in science and technology.
14. The work needs _________________ (complete) by 6 p.m.
15. The number of deaths from heart disease __________________ (reduce) greatly if people are persuaded to eat more vegetables.
答案：1. were marked 2. have been given 3. have taken place; have been set up 4. had been broken into, stolen 5. came 6. will have been completed 7. is expected 8. to blame, happened 9. sell, was sold 10. have been told, washes 11. is said 12. is being graded 13. has been discovered 14. completing/to be completed 15. will be reduced
专题十二 句子种类 I、重点难点解析
自2007年广东省高考使用新题型后，有了用5个句子表达全部意思的“基础写作”。考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握显得尤为重要。
一、 句子种类： 分类 句子种类 例句 He is six years old. 陈述句 肯定句 She didn?t hear of you before. 否定句 按使用目的疑问句 一般 特殊 选择 反意 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can?t she? Be careful, boys. Don?t talk in class How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is! He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. You help him and he helps you. The food was good, but he had little appetite. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 按结构并列句（由并列连词and, but, or等或分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在 第 40 页 共 65 页