发布时间 : 星期一 文章考研英语从句分类更新完毕开始阅读6db1b00d6c85ec3a87c2c585
whether．．．引导并列的表语从句；第一个表语从句的主语是life，谓语是originated，as the result of．．．or．．．coincidence是介词短语，作originated的方式状语；第二个表语从句的主语是山指代后面的不定式to
produce．．．course，谓语是is，表语是the normal event；for inanimate matter是介词短语，作范围状语；句末的when引导非限定定语从句，修饰前面的course。翻译时应将when从句置于主句的前面，这也是英译汉时常用的原则，即次要信息在前，主要信息在后。
【知识链接】 originate起源；as the result of．．．作为??的结果；amazing令人惊奇的；accident事故，事件’succession连续；coincidence偶然事件；inanimate无生命的；due适当的，适合的；course过程；physical environment自然环境；suitable适当的。
5. The problem is that modern man seems unable to redesign his institutions fast enough to accommodate the new demands, the new intelligence, the new abilities of segments of society which, heretofore, have not been taken seriously.
【参考译文】问题是，现代人似乎不能尽快及时地修正其已形成的各种习俗以适应那些迄今尚未被认真对待的、来自社会各阶层的新的需求、新的智慧和新的才干。
【结构分析】 这是一个主从复合句，主句的主干结构是：The problem is that．．．，难点在于that引导的表语从句。该从句也是一个主从复合句，可以切分为：modern man seems unable to redesign his institutions(fast enough to accommodate the new demands，the new intelligence，the new abilities of segments of society)(which，heretofore，have not been taken seriously)，括号外的内容是主句，主语是modern man，谓语是seems unable to redesign，宾语是his institutions，his指代前面的modern man，fast enough是redesign的程度状语，to accommodate．．．of society是不定式，作结果状语，句末的which引导定语从句，修饰前面的并列宾语the new demands, the new
intelligence, the new abilities，从句的谓语是have not been taken seriously, take sth. seriously是固定短语，参见知识链接，heretofore是副词，作时间状语。翻译时应将which从句转化为前置定语来处理。
【知识链接】 man(单数)人类；redesign重新设计，修正；institution习俗；accommodate 适应；intelligence智慧，智商；segment of society社会各阶层；heretofore迄今；take sth．seriously认真对待某事。
三、考研英语【主语从句】典型例句剖析
1．It is vital that economic，political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels．
【参考译文】在全国以至全球营造消除贫困的经济、政治和社会环境很重要。 [结构分析] 该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+that-从句模式，即It is vital that．．．conditions be established．．．；It为形式主语，真正主语为that从句；主语从句的主语是economic，political and social conditions，谓语是be established，请注意；vital后的从句中要使用虚拟语气结构，故be established前省略了should；which引导的从句作主语
conditions的后置定语，at national and international levels是介词短语，作地点状语。
【知识链接】 It is vital that．．．重要的是??；vital关键的，重要的；alleviate减轻，缓解；poverty贫困；establish建立；at?levels在??范围内／层次上。
2．Yet it is doubtful whether the proposition is strong enough to bear the vast weight of generalization that has been placed on． 【参考译文】然而，这个论点是否依据充分以支持由此推导出的普遍原理，这一点值得怀疑。
【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+whether从句模式，即Yet it is doubtful whether．．．is strong．．．；让作形式主语，指代后面的
whether从句；whether从句中，主语是the proposition，谓语是is，表语是strong；enough是strong的状语，enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置；不定式to bear．．．作结果状语，修饰enough，属于enough to．．．搭配；that has been placed on it为定语从句，修饰generalization，这里的北指代前面的proposition。
【知识链接】 It is doubtful．．．令人怀疑的是??；doubtful令人怀疑的；proposition观点，论点；vast巨大的，大量的；place weight on．．强调／重视??；generalization普遍原理。
3．It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses has grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession.
【参考译文】 英国的经济一直在走下坡路，而其开设MBA课程的学校数量却上升了254％，这种情形极不相称。
【结构分析】 该句子的主干结构是It+is+形容词+that---从句模式，即it is incongruous that the number of British institutions.．．has grown．．．；it作形式主语，指代that 从句，该从句的主语是the number of British institutions，谓语是has grown，现在分词短语offering ?courses作British institutions的后置定语，by 254 percent作has grown的程度状语，during a period是has grown的时间状语，when引导定语从句，修饰period，into deeper recession作状语，修饰sliding。
【知识链接】incongruous不一致的，不相称的；institution机构，学校；offer提供(引申为开设课程)；course课程；MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士；slide下滑；recession衰退。
4．It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality．
【参考译文】人们普遍认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及日后个性的培养影响很大。
【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+is+ed分词+that-从句模式，即it is generally accepted that the experiences of the child．．．determine his character and later personality；it是形式主语，指代后面的that从句，从句的主语是the experiences of the child，谓语是determine，宾语是his character and later personality，in his first years是介词短语，作前面experiences的后置定语，later为形容词，作personality的定语。这个句子翻译时要将被动式h is generally accepted that转为主动式，这符合汉语的思维习惯，因为英文多被动，汉语多主动。
【知识链接】 It is generally accepted that．．．人们普遍认为；in his first years早年；largely很大程度上；character性格；later(a山．)随后的，日后的；personality个性。
5．Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me．
【参考译文】我无法理解为什么人们情愿每天奔波四个小时以换取值得怀疑的乡村之趣。
【结构分析】 这是一个主从复合句，可以拆分为三大部分：(Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country)is (beyond me)；Why引导主语从句，is作谓语，beyond me作表语；主语从句的主语是people，谓体是are prepared to tolerate，a four-hour journey是宾语，介词短语for the．．．country作目的状语，修饰tolerate。
【知识链接】 be prepared to do．．．愿意做??；tolerate忍受；dubious令人怀疑的；privilege特权，好处；beyond sb．超出某人能力，某人不理解。
6．It has always been a mystery to me why city-dwellers，who appreciate a，，these things，