·¢²¼Ê±¼ä : ÐÇÆÚÈÕ ÎÄÕ¹ÌÌåÎïÀíÏ°ÌâÏê½â¸üÐÂÍê±Ï¿ªÊ¼ÔĶÁ6f03c436a9956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a13e
µÚ¶þÕ ¾§ÌåµÄ½áºÏ
1.ÊÔÊöÀë×Ó¼ü¡¢¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢½ðÊô¼ü¡¢·¶µÂÍ߶û˹ºÍÇâ¼üµÄ»ù±¾ÌØÕ÷¡£
½â£º£¨1£©Àë×Ó¼ü£ºÎÞ·½ÏòÐÔ£¬¼üÄÜÏ൱ǿ£»£¨2£©¹²¼Û¼ü£º±¥ºÍÐԺͷ½ÏòÐÔ£¬Æä¼üÄÜÒ²·Ç³£Ç¿£»£¨3£©½ðÊô¼ü£ºÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ·½ÏòÐԺͱ¥ºÍÐÔ£¬Æä¼Ûµç×Ó²»¶¨ÓòÓÚ2¸öÔ×Óʵ֮¼ä£¬¶øÊÇÔÚÕû¸ö¾§ÌåÖÐѲÓΣ¬´¦ÓڷǶ¨Óò״̬£¬ÎªËùÓÐÔ×ÓËù¡°¹²ÓС±£»£¨4£©·¶µÂÍ߶û˹¼ü£ºÒÀ¿¿Ë²Ê±Å¼¼«¾à»ò¹ÌÓÐż¼«¾à¶øÐγɣ¬Æä½áºÏÁ¦Ò»°ãÓër³É·´±Èº¯Êý¹Øϵ£¬¸Ã¼ü½áºÏÄܽÏÈõ£»£¨5£©Çâ¼ü£ºÒÀ¿¿ÇâÔ×ÓÓë2¸öµç¸ºÐԽϴó¶øÔ×Ӱ뾶½ÏСµÄÔ×Ó£¨ÈçO£¬F£¬NµÈ£©Ïà½áºÏÐγɵġ£¸Ã¼üÒ²¼ÈÓз½ÏòÐÔ£¬Ò²Óб¥ºÍÐÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÊÇÒ»ÖÖ½ÏÈõµÄ¼ü£¬Æä½áºÏÄÜԼΪ50kJ/mol¡£ 2.ÓÐÈË˵¡°¾§ÌåµÄÄÚÄܾÍÊǾ§ÌåµÄ½áºÏÄÜ¡±£¬¶ÔÂð£¿
½â£ºÕâ¾ä»°²»¶Ô£¬¾§ÌåµÄ½áºÏÄÜÊÇÖ¸µ±¾§Ìå´¦ÓÚÎȶ¨×´Ì¬Ê±µÄ×ÜÄÜÁ¿£¨¶¯ÄܺÍÊÆÄÜ£©Óë×é³ÉÕ⾧ÌåµÄN¸öÔ×ÓÔÚ×ÔÓÉʱµÄ×ÜÄÜÁ¿Ö®²î£¬¼´Eb?EN?E0¡££¨ÆäÖÐEbΪ½áºÏÄÜ£¬ENΪ×é³ÉÕ⾧ÌåµÄN¸öÔ×ÓÔÚ×ÔÓÉʱµÄ×ÜÄÜÁ¿£¬E0Ϊ¾§ÌåµÄ×ÜÄÜÁ¿£©¡£¶ø¾§ÌåµÄÄÚÄÜÊÇÖ¸¾§Ìå´¦ÓÚijһ״̬ʱ£¨²»Ò»¶¨ÊÇÎȶ¨Æ½ºâ״̬£©µÄ£¬ÆäËùÓÐ×é³ÉÁ£×ӵĶ¯ÄܺÍÊÆÄܵÄ×ܺ͡£ 3.µ±2¸öÔ×ÓÓÉÏà¾àºÜÔ¶¶øÖð½¥½Ó½üʱ£¬¶þÔ×Ó¼äµÄÁ¦ÓëÊÆÄÜÊÇÈçºÎÖ𽥱仯µÄ£¿
½â£ºµ±2¸öÔ×ÓÓÉÏà¾àºÜÔ¶¶øÖð½¥½Ó½üʱ£¬2¸öÔ×Ó¼äÒýÁ¦ºÍ³âÁ¦¶¼¿ªÊ¼Ôö´ó£¬µ«Ê×ÏÈÒýÁ¦´óÓÚ³âÁ¦£¬×ܵÄ×÷ÓÃΪÒýÁ¦£¬f(r)?0£¬¶øÏ໥×÷ÓÃÊÆÄÜu(r)Öð½¥¼õС£»µ±2¸öÔ×ÓÂýÂý½Ó½üµ½Æ½ºâ¾àÀër0ʱ£¬´Ëʱ£¬ÒýÁ¦µÈÓÚ³âÁ¦£¬×ܵÄ×÷ÓÃΪÁ㣬f(r)?0£¬¶øÏ໥×÷ÓÃÊÆÄÜu(r)´ïµ½×îСֵ£»µ±2¸öÔ×Ó¼ä¾àÀë¼ÌÐø¼õСʱ£¬ÓÉÓÚ³âÁ¦¼±¾çÔö´ó£¬´Ëʱ£¬³âÁ¦¿ªÊ¼´óÓÚÒýÁ¦£¬×ܵÄ×÷ÓÃΪ³âÁ¦£¬f(r)?0£¬¶øÏ໥×÷ÓÃÊÆÄÜu(r)Ò²¿ªÊ¼¼±¾çÔö´ó¡£ 4.Ϊʲô½ðÊô±ÈÀë×Ó¾§Ìå¡¢¹²¼Û¾§ÌåÒ×ÓÚ½øÐлúе¼Ó¹¤²¢ÇÒµ¼µç¡¢µ¼ÈÈÐÔÁ¼ºÃ£¿
½â£ºÓÉÓÚ½ðÊô¾§ÌåÖеļ۵ç×Ó²»ÏñÀë×Ó¾§Ìå¡¢¹²¼Û¾§ÌåÄÇÑù¶¨ÓòÓÚ2¸öÔ×Óʵ֮¼ä£¬¶øÊÇÔÚÕû¸ö¾§ÌåÖÐѲÓΣ¬´¦ÓڷǶ¨Óò״̬£¬ÎªËùÓÐÔ×ÓËù¡°¹²ÓС±£¬Òò¶ø½ðÊô¾§ÌåµÄÑÓÕ¹ÐÔ¡¢µ¼µçÐԺ͵¼ÈÈÐÔ¶¼½ÏºÃ¡£ 5.ÓÐÒ»¾§Ì壬ÔÚƽºâʱµÄÌå»ýΪÄÜÓÉÏÂʽ¸ø³ö£º
7V0£¬Ô×ÓÖ®¼ä×ܵÄÏ໥×÷ÓÃÄÜΪU0£¬Èç¹ûÔ×Ó¼äÏ໥×÷ÓÃ
u(r)???rm??rn£¬
ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷µ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿¿ÉÓÉU0?mn/(9V0)?¸ø³ö¡£
½â£º¸ù¾Ýµ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿µÄ¶¨Òå¿ÉÖª
?d2U?dP?K???VV???2??dV?V0?dV??? ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£© ?V09
ÉÏʽÖÐÀûÓÃÁËP??dUµÄ¹Øϵʽ¡£ dVU?Éèϵͳ°üº¬N¸öÔ×Ó£¬ÔòϵͳµÄÄÚÄÜ¿ÉÒÔд³É
NN??u(r)?(?m?n) ¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£© 22rrÓÖÒòΪ¿É°ÑN¸öÔ×Ó×é³ÉµÄ¾§ÌåµÄÌå»ý±íʾ³É×î½üÁÚÔ×Ó¼ä¾àrµÄº¯Êý£¬¼´
V?Nv?N?r3 ¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨3£©
ÉÏʽÖÐ?ΪÓ뾧Ìå½á¹¹ÓйصÄÒò×Ó£¨ÈçÃæÐÄÁ¢·½½á¹¹£¬??ÓÖÒòΪ
¡£ 2/2£©
(dU1dUN?m?n??1 ¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨4£©)?()?????RdV2?rm?1rn?1?3N?r23?Nr2dr0d2Udrd?1?Nm?n???(2)V0???(? m?1n?1??dVdr?3N?r2?2dVrr???r?r01N?m2?n2?3m?3n??????m?n?m?n?¡¡¡¡¡£¨5£© 29V02?r0r0r0r0?¿¼ÂÇƽºâÌõ¼þ(dUm?n?)r0?0£¬µÃm?n£¬ÄÇô£¨5£©Ê½¿É»¯Îª dVr0r0 ?1N?n?m??mnN????mn£¨6£© ??m?n??????(?U0) ¡¡??m2nm?2n?29V02?r0r0?9V02?r0r0?9V0½«£¨6£©Ê½´úÈ루1£©Ê½µÃ£º
6.ÉÏÌâ±íʾµÄÏ໥×÷ÓÃÄܹ«Ê½ÖУ¬Èôm?2£¬n?10£¬ÇÒÁ½Ô×Ó¹¹³ÉÎȶ¨·Ö×Óʱ¼ä¾àΪ
3?10?10m£¬Àë½âÄÜΪ4eV£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËã?ºÍ?Ö®Öµ¡£
½â£ºÔÚƽºâλÖÃʱÓÐ
u(r)???r20??r100 ??EK ¡¡¡¡£¨1£©
du(r)2?10??3?11?0 ¡¡¡¡£¨2£© drr0r0½«Àë½âÄÜEk?4eVºÍr0?3?10?10m?3A0´úÈ루1£©ºÍ£¨2£©Ê½¿ÉµÃ£º
??4.5?10?19eV¡¤m2£¬??5.9?10?96eV¡¤m10¡£
AB??109r?2.8?10m£¬½áºÏÄÜΪrr07. Éèij¾§Ìåÿ¶ÔÔ×ÓµÄÊÆÄܾߵÄÐÎʽ£¬Æ½ºâʱ
10
U?8?10?19J£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãAºÍBÒÔ¼°¾§ÌåµÄÓÐЧµ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿¡£
½â£ºÓÉÌâÒâÓÐÒÔÏ·½³Ì³ÉÁ¢£º
°Ñr0£¬UµÄ¾ßÌåÊýÖµ´úÈëÉÏÊö·½³Ì×飬¼´µÃ£º Óɴ˿ɵãºA?1.0578?10¸Ã¾§ÌåµÄÓÐЧµ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿Îª£º
?105J?m9£¬B?2.52?10?28J?m
d2uK?V0(2)V0ÓÖ¡ß V?Nv?N?r3
dV£¨ÉÏʽÖÐN±íʾ¾§ÌåÖÐËùº¬µÄÔ×Ó¸öÊý£¬?±íʾÓ뾧Ìå½á¹¹ÓйصÄÒò×Ó£©
190A2B11d2u¹Ê K?(11?3)£½?3.2797?1011 (2)r0£½
9?Nr0r0r09?N9?Nr0dr8.KCl¾§ÌåµÄÌ嵯ÐÔÄ£Á¿Îª1.74¡Á1010Pa£¬ÈôҪʹ¾§ÌåÖÐÏàÁÚÀë×Ó¼ä¾àËõС0.5%£¬ÎÊÐèҪʩ
¼Ó¶à´óµÄÁ¦¡£
½â£ºÉèKCl¾§ÌåÄÚ°üº¬N¸öÔ°û£¬×ۺϿ¼Âǵ½¿âÂØÎüÒýÄܺÍÖصþÅųâÄÜ£¬ÔòϵͳµÄÄÚÄÜ¿ÉÒÔд³É
?AB?U?N???n? ¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©
?rr?´ËÍ⣬ÓÉÓÚKClÿ¸öÔ°ûÌå»ýΪ2r£¬Ôò¾§ÌåµÄ×ÜÌå»ýΪ
V?2Nr ¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©
ÆäÖУ¨1£©ºÍ£¨2£©Ê½ÖеÄr¶¼Ö¸KCl¾§ÌåÖÐÏàÁÚKºÍClÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀë¡£
¸ù¾ÝÌ嵯ÐÔÄ£Á¿µÄ¶¨ÒåÓУº
£«
£
33?d2U?dP?K???V????VdV2dV??V0???? ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨3£© ?V0Éèƽºâʱ¾§ÌåÄÚÏàÁÚÀë×Ó¼äµÄ¾àÀëΪr0£¬ÔòƽºâÌå»ýV0?2Nr03£¬ÄÇôƽºâʱµÄÌ嵯ÐÔ
?d2UÄ£Á¿ÎªK???VdV2?µÃ
?dU?()V0?0£¬¿É¡£ÓÖ¸ù¾ÝKCl¾§ÌåÄÚÄܱí´ïʽ£¨1£©Ê½¼°Æ½ºâÌõ¼þ?dV?V0B1n?1AnB?r0¡£ ??0»ò2n?1Anr0r0½«£¨1£©ºÍ£¨2£©Ê½´úÈ루3£©Ê½£¬²¢ÀûÓÃƽºâÌõ¼þ¿ÉµÃ
ÉÏʽÖеÄÇ°Ò»ÏîÓÉÓÚƽºâÌõ¼þ¶øµÈÓÚ0£¬ºóÒ»ÏîÇó΢É̺óÀûÓÃƽºâÌõ¼þ»¯¼òµÃ
18Kr04 ÓÉ´ËÖªA?
n?111
µ±Ê¹¾§ÌåÖÐÏàÁÚÀë×Ó¼ä¾àËõС0.5%ʱ£¬¼´Ê¹ÏàÁÚÀë×Ó¼ä¾à±äΪ
r1?r0(1?0.5%)?0.95r0£¬´ËʱÐèÊ©¼ÓµÄÍâÁ¦Îª
²éÊéÖбí2.2¼°±í2.5¿ÉÖª£¬n?9.0£¬r0?3.14?10?10m£¬´úÈëÉÏʽ¿ÉµÃ F?2.17?10N
3V?Nv?N?rN9.ÓɸöÔ×Ó£¨Àë×Ó£©Ëù×é³ÉµÄ¾§ÌåµÄÌå»ý¿Éд³É¡£Ê½ÖÐvΪÿ¸öÔ×Ó£¨Àë
?9×Ó£©Æ½¾ùËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄÌå»ý£»rΪÁ£×Ó¼äµÄ×î¶Ì¾àÀ룻?ΪÓë½á¹¹Óйصij£Êý¡£ÊÔÇóÏÂÁи÷ÖֽṹµÄ?Öµ£ºÇ󣺼òµ¥Á¢·½µãÕó£»ÃæÐÄÁ¢·½µãÕó£»ÌåÐÄÁ¢·½µãÕó£»½ð¸ÕʯµãÕó£» NaClµãÕó£»
½â£º£¨1£©ÔÚ¼òµ¥Á¢·½µãÕóÖУ¬Ã¿¸öÔ×Óƽ¾ùËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄÌå»ýv?a?r£¬¹Ê??1£» £¨2£©ÔÚÃæÐÄÁ¢·½µãÕóÖУ¬Ã¿¸öÔ×Óƽ¾ùËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄÌå»ýv?a3?(2r)3?331414232£» r£¬¹Ê??22£¨3£©ÔÚÌåÐÄÁ¢·½µãÕó£¬Ã¿¸öÔ×Óƽ¾ùËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄÌå»ýv?a3?(1243123433£» r)?r£¬¹Ê??9239£¨4£©ÔÚ½ð¸ÕʯµãÕóÖУ¬Ã¿¸öÔ×Óƽ¾ùËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄÌå»ýv?a3?(£¨5£©ÔÚNaClµãÕóÖУ¬Ã¿¸öÔ×Óƽ¾ùËùÕ¼¾ÝµÄÌå»ýv?1814383383£» r)?r£¬¹Ê??9839131a?(2r)3?r3£»¹Ê??1¡£ 8810.¶ÔÓÚÓÉN¸ö¶èÐÔÆøÌåÔ×Ó×é³ÉµÄһάµ¥Ô×ÓÁ´£¬Éèƽ¾ùÿ2¸öÔ×ÓÊÆΪ£º
????u(x)?u0?()12?2()6?¡£
x??xÇ󣺣¨1£©Ô×Ó¼äµÄƽ¾ù¾àÀëx0£» £¨2£©Ã¿¸öÔ×ÓµÄƽ¾ù¾§¸ñÄÜ£» £¨3£©Ñ¹ËõϵÊýk¡£
½â£º£¨1£©ÔÚƽºâʱ£¬ÓÐÏÂʽ³ÉÁ¢
du(x)
dx ÓÉÉÏʽ¿ÉµÃx0??
x?x0??12?122?6?6??u0??£¨1£© ??0 ¡¡¡¡¡137x0??x0£¨2£©Éè¸ÃN¸ö¶èÐÔÆøÌåÔ×Ó×é³ÉµÄһάµ¥Ô×ÓÁ´µÄ×ܵÄÏ໥×÷ÓÃÊÆÄÜΪU(x)£¬ÄÇôÓÐ
U(x)?N2??12?6?u()?2()? ¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£© ?0?x1j?j?x1j??12