发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-科技类更新完毕开始阅读7017709c0812a21614791711cc7931b764ce7b44
“When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur,” Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told the Guardian.
This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. “These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together,” Johnson said.
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team “clowns”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey, full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen’s team, was a “clown”. He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won’t happen.
“Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.”
Besides, they must be in top physical condition. 1.What is NASA’s new job listing?
A.A funny engineer. B.A talented clown. C.A good cook. D.A popular comedian.
2.What does “a confined space” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.A crowded space. B.An empty space. C.An open space. D.A small space.
3.How does the author think humor can help astronauts?
A.It can stop them from feeling worried. B.It can encourage teamwork on a mission. C.It can help them feel less homesick. D.It can help them know themselves better.
4.What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook? A.What explorers eat on their journey is very important.
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B.An amateur can play a more important role than a professional. C.Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.
D.A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole. 5.What could be the best title of the passage? A.Keeping the Spirits Up B.A Mission to Mars
C.A New Job Listing of NASA D.Humorous Astronauts in NASA
答案
1、1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的For example,sales representatives and technicians don't have to return to the office in order to know their next tasks. They can simply make phone calls or send emails.可知,现代的科技让交流变得更为方便。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的This ensures that there is a healthy working environment, which plays a huge role in increasing the productivity of the employees.可知,员工之间可以通过网络交流互动,增进感情,从而营造良好的工作氛围,这属于企业文化方面的内容。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句These programs remove manual(手工的) record keeping, which not only aids in improving the working efficiency (工作效率),but also aids in removing human errors.可知,这些先进的软件程序具有节省时间和十分准确的特点。
4.细节理解题。根据第五段中的If you don’t have a large office space, you can ask your employees to work at home and send you the necessary documents via email.可知科技帮助公司节省了资源。 2、1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A 解析：
1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “Weather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation (降水)”可知,这种新型智能玻璃的独特之处在于它能利用天气发电。 2.主旨大意题。第三段主要讲述了科学家Zhong Wang团队的研究成果。
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3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates”可知,这种新型玻璃的缺点是不能储存它所发的电。
4.词义猜测题。根据上文“the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their na-nogenerators”可知,此处指这种小型电厂能把别的能量转化成电能。 3、1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A 解析：
1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. 这款名为SocialRecall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来,从而避免了正式介绍的必要,从而可以推断出,是用来识别人。故选B。
2.段落大意题。根据文章第三段全段内容可知,本段主要SocialRecall这款应用软件工作原理。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.可知,用户使用智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像,然后给它加上一个名字。当摄像机在现实生活中发现相同的人脸时,就会显示之前输入的信息,从而帮助脸盲症患者识别此人的信息。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第四段She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” 当人们选择将自己的个人信息分享给应用程序时,他们应该知道,在未来可能会出现意想不到的后果,从而可以推断出SocialRecall这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。 4、1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes. Engineering Professor George Mylonakis
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wanted to know why\可知,George Mylonakis开展研究是想弄明白比萨斜塔为什么能历经岁月洗礼而屹立不倒,故选B。
2.考查词义猜测。根据画线词前的\和其后的\height and firmness\可推知, tall对应height,made of stone 对应 firmness,故此处表示比萨斜塔由石头筑成,这些石头使得它很坚固。故画线词与solid\坚固的,牢固的\意思最为接近。
3.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Crews gradually began totake out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly”工作人员逐渐从斜塔较高的北边的下方挖出少量土壤,下方的土壤减少后,斜塔的北边便会微微下沉,故斜塔的北边会低一点。
4.考查推理判断。根据最后一-段中的\said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the lower\可知John Burland认为比萨斜塔塔下的松软土壤导致它坍塌的可能性很小,只有发生非常严重的地震它才可能坍塌,故选A。 5、1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C 解析：
1.细节理解题。根据第—段中的“The agency provides information about the U. S. population that as the American popuIation ages, the demand for services and care for older adults is growing.\可知,关于美国人口的调查信息表明,随着人口年龄的增长,对老年人服务和照料的需求正在增长。 故选C项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这种新型机器人除能够和主人交谈、讲笑话、玩游戏和跳舞外,还能24小时与急救中心保持联系,并且为主人寻找遗失的物品、提醒主人和医生的预约以及定时服药。 由此可知,这款机器人应是多功能的。故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He is there to help but cannot do all the things that caregivers do, like bathe and dress seniors. The robot Rudy adds to what in-home caregivers do for the growing population of seniors. ”可知,这种机器人不能代替护理人员做所有的事情。但是他丰富了家庭护理人员能为不断增长的老年人所做的工作,即(机器人)可以帮助做额外的工作。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文,主要向读者介绍了—种新型机器人,它能为老年人提供服务,并照顾老年人的生活的多个方面。故选C项。
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