发布时间 : 星期三 文章初三英语知识点汇总 (形容词,副词)更新完毕开始阅读703a9d16336c1eb91a375d98
教育学科教师辅导教案
学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：3 学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：XX 课 题 教学目的 授课日期 形容词，副词学习 1.掌握形容词，副词的语法特性，习惯用法和中考常见用法辨析 2. 掌握并能熟练应用形容词，副词的原级，比较级和最高级 ××年××月××日 教学内容 Step 1 形容词，副词分类及用法辨析 （一）形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。 1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。 2、形容词在句子中的位置： 1）作定语时放在名词的前面，且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel（一个黄色的大木轮） 2）作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable. 3）作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean. 4）后置的情况： ①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him. ②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。 如：He’s 1.8 metres tall.（他身高1.8米。）The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth. 3、有关形容词的用法辨析： 1）whole与all：记住两个词序：① the whole ＋ 名词； ②all （of） the ＋ 名词。 如：He was busy the whole morning. / He can remember all the words he learns. 2）tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。 如：He’s very tall/short. / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue. / A few people live on high mountains. 3）real与true：real一般指东西的真假，译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性，译为“真实的”。 如：This is a real diamond（钻石） and it’s very expensive / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears. 4）interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。 如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. / I am interested in science. 5）such用法： such ＋ a（n） ＋ 名词（单数）（＋that从句）。如：I have never seen such a foolish（愚蠢的） boy. / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it. 6）good与well：表示“好”时，作定语或表语用good，作状语用well；表示“（身体）好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us. / Study well and make progress every day./ --How are you?—I am very well. 1
7）nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的，可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Let’s go and share（分享） the nice cake. / She is a nice girl. / What a fine day! /He’s fine recently（最近）. 8）too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”，修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过，过分”，修饰形容词或副词。 如：I am full because I have had too much rice. / That coat is much too dear. 9）quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。 如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home. / A train is much faster than a bus. / His father will be back to China very soon. 10）lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词，意思是：“孤独的，寂寞的”，作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的，单独的”，指无人陪伴，仅作表语，（作为副词的alone可作状语）。如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely./ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him. 11）other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much，后置，另外，or else表示“否则”，是连词。如：The other students are on the playground. / Who else can work out this maths problem?/ This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine. / Do you have anything else to say for yourself? 12）special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但special较为常用。另外，special还可以表示特别的目的。如：She pays （e）special attention to clothes. / These are special chairs for small children. 13）gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever（高烧）is gone, but I still have a cough. / The parents found the lost child at last. / My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away? / For more detailed information（详情）of the missing girls, please visit our website. 14）living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。 living读[?liviN]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语，②“一模一样的、逼真的”，③相当于lively，意思是“强烈的、活泼的”； live读[laiv]，指东西“活的”，可以替换为living； alive读[[?laiv]作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面； lively读[?laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的，②（色彩）鲜艳的，③生动的、真实的。 例如：A living language should be learned orally（口头上）.（被动句） / We have a living hope that you will succeed. / Is she still alive? / They are the happiest children alive. / This is a live fish. / A live wire（电线） is dangerous. / She is as lively as a kitten（小猫）. / He gave a lively description of the football match. 15）sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”，但是，sick可以做定语、表语，而ill只能做表语。 如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them. 16）the poor（穷人们） / the rich（富人们）等用法：“the＋形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物，复数含义。 如：We must try our best to help the poor. / The rich never know how the poor are living. （二）副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。 1、副词的分类：（见下表） 时 间 副 词 today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, 频度副词 地点/方位副词 once, twice, here, there, home, below, 程度副词 very, too, enough, 2
方式副词 疑问/连接副词 其他副词 well, hard, how, where, too, also, nor, so,
then, early, late, once, soon, just, tonight, long, already, yet, before, ago, later, ever since after, whenever first, someday, sometime, last, always, usually, often, anywhere, above, outside, in, inside, out, rather, quite, how, so, much, just, nearly, only alone, fast, together, suddenly, -ly结尾 的副词 when, why, whether however, etc. 关系副词 where, why, how when, as, on,off, either, yes, no, not, neither maybe, perhaps, certainly, sometimes, back, up, down, never, away, off, far, almost, hardly, as long as等, even, all, a little, a bit （seldom）, near, nearby, ever, wherever everywhere, 2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用： （1）作状语： ① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾，注意，early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾，already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow. / They have already been to the UK twice. / Soon the lost boy found his way back home. ② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间，但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾，usually可放在句首，once可放在句尾，twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early. / The workers usually have lunch at the factory./ Take this medicine twice a day. ③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后，suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave（山洞）. ④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾，但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions（方向）.（在那里，你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动） / The frightened wolf ran away.（受到惊吓的狼逃开了）/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.（他悄悄地走了出去，很快又返回） ⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时，放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时，放在形容词或副词之前。但注意，enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活，总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again. / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears./ She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus. ⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?（/ How do you do? ⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question. / That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. / He wondered how he could do it the next day. ⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. / Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well. ⑨ 其它副词：too“也”，用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”，放在句尾；nor“也不”，放在句首；so“如此，这样”，放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too. / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.（ / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I. （2）作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语，放在be等连系动词之后，说明人物所处的位置。 如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment./ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years./ Jim is over there. （3）作定语：时间副词（如now、then）以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s. （4）作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。 如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! / Father kept him in and doing his lessons. [注意] “动词＋副词”的宾语如果是代词，则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.→He wrote 3
it down. 3、有关副词的重要注释： （1）as…as…常构成一些词组：as soon as…（一旦?就?），as well as…（同样），as＋形容词/副词＋as possible（尽可能??地）。 如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible. [注释] “as long / much as ＋ 名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。 如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan. / They stayed in the cave（山洞）as long as two weeks. （2）later、after、ago、before的用法： ①“一段时间＋later/ago”分别表示“（多久）以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。 ②“after/before＋某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。 ③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。 如：He had an accident a week ago. / Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer./ Have you been there before? / After a few years he gave up smoking. （3）above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below，在高低处用over和under. 如：The stars are high above in the sky ./ A plane flew over quickly. 当above、below、over、under是介词性质时，意义相似。 （4）too、also、either、nor的用法：too（“也”）用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；also（“也”）用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either（“也”）用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；nor（“也不”）用于倒装句句首； 如：Are you American,too? / He is not happy and I am not happy, either./ He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I. / You can also find the market is very good. enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough （“足够，十分”）放在形容词或副词之后；too（“太”）、very（“非常”）、quite（“相当”）、so（“如此地”）等放在形容词或副词之前，very much（“非常”）放在动词之后。 如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive. / I don’t like sweets very much. [注意] very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词，much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词，very不可以。 如：He is very stupid.（他很笨）/ The film was very moving and everyone swept. / You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school./ I don’t like him much. （6）sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法：sometimes（有时）用于一般现在时、 sometime（在将来某时）用于将来时、 some times（数次）表示次数、some time（一些时间）表示一段时间。 如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.（他们有时徒步旅行到山里去）/ I will stay here some time./ I will meet your father sometime. （7）how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how，对人或事物（可能含有形容词作修饰语）进行感叹用what. 如：What a fine day （it is） today! / How difficult （the problem is）! （8）already、yet的用法：在完成时中，already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already? / I have not had my breakfast yet. （9）hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地，猛烈地”，hardly是否定词，意思是：“几乎不”，一般与情态动词can/could连用。 如：They study English very hard./ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place. （10）like...very much、like...better（=prefer）、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。 如：I like baseball very much./ Do you like butter better than cheese?（ / They like hamburgers best. （11）“quite/what＋a＋形容词＋名词”的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...＋a＋形容词＋名词；②too/so/how＋形容词＋a＋名词；③rather＋a＋形容词＋名词 = a＋ rather＋形容词＋名词。 如：I have never seen such a strange guy（家伙）. / It is quite a nice day for a walk. 4