发布时间 : 星期四 文章英汉翻译技巧更新完毕开始阅读752b2b4133687e21af45a96e
Huang Jinrong was a notorious rogue in Shanghai in the old times. 37）由于党的农业政策，我国千千万万农民走上了致富的道路．
Thanks to the policies of the Communist Party of China on agriculture, million of peasants in China are getting rich.
38）由于两次世界大战的爆发，各国人民蒙受了极大的灾难。
People of all countries have suffer great calamities in consequence of the two world wars.
39）诗人应该具有丰富的想象力．
A poet should have rich imagination. 40）真遗憾，你的想象力太丰富了。
What a pity ! You’ve got into wild fights of fancy. 41）funny：褒义 （1）a funny story 滑稽的故事
（2）a funny writer 风趣的作家 （3）He is being funny. 他在逗乐。
中性 （1）There is something funny about the matter. 事情有点蹊跷。
（2）a funny black hat. 古怪的黑帽子
贬义 （1）You’ll be sorry if you try anything funny in class
你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔。
（2）She is a bit funny sometimes. 她有时候疯疯癫癫的。
（3）Don’t get funny with your boss! 不得对老板放肆！
42）由于：褒义（1） thanks to?
(2 ) by virtue of? 中性 （1） owing to? (2 ) due to?
(3 ) because of? (4 ) as a result of? (5 ) in view of? 贬义 (1 ) in consequence of?
43) Something / anything / nothing / somebody / anybody / nobody: (1) It’s always something that you are the owner of so many wonderful books.
想想你拥有这么多好书，你就会感到自慰． (2) He has strong desire to be somebody. 他极想出人头地。
(3) Everybody who was anybody in Labour politics turned up． 工党政治生活中的头面人物个个都到场了
④ There must be something in it.．这里面必有名堂．
⑤ “She is my horse , my dog, my anything,” the male chauvinist husband said.
“她是我的马，我的狗，反正是属于我的东西，”那个大男子主义的丈夫说。
⑥ They are nameless nothings. 他们是无名小卒
⑦ He is always saying the usual polite nothings. 他老是在说那些寻常的客套话．
⑧I am a mere nobody.我是一个微不足道的 无名小卒
⑨When he tossed a much-ballyhooed party in Persepolis three years ago to celebrate Persia’s2,500th anniversary, he invited virtually everybody who was anybody--- but mostly nobodies showed up.
当三年前他在泊塞波利斯举行大肆宣扬的盛大典礼庆祝波斯建国二干五百年的时候，他几乎邀请了世界上所有的有名人士 (有人译成：名门望士、达官贵人），但真正出席者却大多是些无名之辈（有人译成：下里巴人，无名小卒）。 上面第一至第十个例子和第二十一至第三十个例子，都是原文里就明显包含了一个褒义词或贬义词，翻译时只需对号入座地把它搬过来就可以了。上面第十一至第二十个例子和第三十一至第四十个例子，都是原文字面上没有明显表露出褒义或贬义的词语，我们必须通过上下文来发掘出句中词语的感情色彩，把这些字面上属于中性而实际上为褒义或贬义的词语忠实地翻译出来。最后三组译例说明同一个词语〔或同一类词语〕在不同的上下文中可以有不同的感情色彩，翻译时可以用褒贬译法处理成褒义、中性或贬义词语。上面最后一组例句没有标明感情色彩这是因为每一个读者对这些词语感情色彩的划分可能会有不同的意见，我们还是让大家自己来作分析．
一个褒义词或贬义词往往会给整个句子乃至更大的上下文带来感情色彩。因此．我们在使用褒贬译法时，不仅要注意感情色彩明显的词语，而且要对原文中某些并无感情色彩的词语也恰如其分地使用褒贬译法。例如上面第四个例句（The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.那个莽撞的驾车人在这次车祸中丧生。），其中reckless明显含有贬义，并给整个句子涂上了贬义色彩，表示说话人对这个莽撞驾车的人持否定态度。为了把整个句子的贬义色彩和说话人的否定口气表现出来，译文除了译出reckless的贬义以外，还把driver和died分别用贬义翻译成“驾车人”和“丧生”(没有用像“驾驶员”和“死于这次车祸”这样感情色彩更
为温和一些的中性词来翻译）。 第十节 合词译法 无论是西方作家．还是中国作家，都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。西方作家常用的是成对词，而中国作家常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语，或两条同义成语。既然这些同义词表达的是同一个意思．我们就可以他们合起来翻译也就是采用合词译法．请看下面的翻译实例。
1) You’ll supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn't that fair and square?
你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？
2) In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking. 我们车间有严格的规定，不许吸烟。（或：我们车间严禁吸烟。） 3) He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。
4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他父亲非常宽容。 5) Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.
她的儿子非常聪明，可她的女儿却很笨。
6) She shook and trembled with fear. 她吓得不停地发抖。 7）He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。 8) We must reach our goals and aims. 我们必须到达目的。 9） He suffered aches and pains． 他遭受百般疼痛。
10) It's a ways and means of propaganda. 这是种宣传方法。 11) It’s right and proper to try it. 试一试是完全正确的。 12) The room is cozy and comfortable.这个房间非常舒适。 13) She was surprised and taken aback.她着实吃了一惊。 14) Really and truly? 千真万确？
15) I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。
16)要不然时叫他趁早回心转意，有多少好处。〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第四＋六回）Otherwise, the sooner she changes her mind the better for her.
17）其中又见林黛玉是个出类拔萃的，便更与黛玉亲敬异常。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第四十九回）
Noticing too that Daiyu stood out from the rest, she treated her even more affectinately.
18)紫鹃笑道“我说的是好话，不过叫你心里留神，并没叫你去为非作歹。何苦回老太太，叫我吃了亏，又有什么好处！” 〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五＋七回） \“ was the smiling answer. “ I just wanted you to look out for yourself, not to do anything wrong. What good will it do if you report me to the old lady and get me into trouble?\ 19) 这里赵姨娘正说着，只要贾环在外间屋子里，更说出些惊心动魄的话来。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第八十四回）
As Concubine Zhao was storming, Jia Huan in the outer room made an even more startling statement.
20) (他们)都是些狐群狗党！（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九十回）
They're a pack of curs! 21）（宝玉和黛玉）真是言和意顺，似漆如胶．（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第五回） On all matters, indeed, they were in complete accord.
22）那宝钗却又行为豁达，随分从时，不比黛玉孤高自许,目无下尘，故深得下人之心；就是小丫头们，亦多和宝钗亲近．（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第五回） Besides, Baochai's generous, tactful and accommodating ways
contrasted strongly with Daiyu' stand-offish reserve and won the hearts of her subordinates, so that nearly all the maids like to chat with her.
23）虽说是一枝小草，又无花朵，其妩媚之态，不禁心动神怡，魂消魄丧。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第一百十六回）?
?though it was so small and had no blossoms its delicate grace was utterly enchanting.
24）今日各自进去，孤孤凄凄，举目无亲，须要自己保重！（曹雪芹《红楼梦》，第一百一＋九回）
Today, entering for the examination, you're going to be entirely on your own, so you'll have to take care of yourselves.
25）你看那正根正苗，忍饥挨饿的，要多少？（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第四十五回）
Plenty of real gentlefolk go hungry.
26） 中国人民的不屈不挠的努力必将稳步地达到自己的目的．（《毛泽东选集》第五卷）
By our own indomitable efforts we the Chinese people will unswervingly reach our goal.
27）他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。
He is determined to turn over a new leaf. 28）你怎么能过河拆桥、忘恩负义呢？
How can you kick down the ladder?
29）二十年，时间看起来很长，一晃就过去了。所以，我们从八十年代的第一年开始，就必须一天也不耽误，专心致志地，聚精会神地搞四个现代化建设。（《邓小平文选》第二卷）
Although a period of 20 years sounds quite long, the time will slip by very quickly. From the very first year of the 1980s,we must devote our full attention to achieving the four modernizations and not waste a single day. 30）有些企业和单位，群众自己选举出的干部，一些毛遂自荐，自告奋勇担任负责工作的干部．很快此作出了成绩，比单是从上面指定的干部合适得多。（《邓小平文选》第 二卷）
In some enterprises and other units, cadres who volunteered for leading posts or were elected to them by the masses have achieved much in little time and proved more capable than cadres appointed from above. 31) 陈词滥调 old stuff
32）痴心妄想 wishful thinking／fond dream
33）长篇大论 a ponderous thesis/a lengthy speech (or article) 34）粗心大意 careless/ negligent
35）丰功伟绩 great（or magnificent）contributions. 36）灵丹妙药 miraculous cure /heal-all
37）自以为是，夜郎自大 self-conceited /arrogant
38) 以怨报德，恩将仇报 return kindness with ingratitude 39）低三下四, 奴颜卑膝 humble oneself 40）宽宏大量，既往不咎 forgive and forget
无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们都必须注意到原文中用同义词时所产生的强调成分。如上面第三例句中“dead and gone”译成“的确死了”，第四例句“forgive and forget”译成“非常宽容”，第五例句中“wise and clever”和“silly and foolish”分别译成“非常聪明”和“很笨”，第六例句中“shook and trembled”译成“不停地抖”，第七例句中\译成“很有学问”第九例句中\译成“百般疼痛”，第十一例句中\and proper\译成“完全正确”，第＋二例句“cozy and comfortable”译成“非常舒适”，第十三例句中\译成“着实吃了一惊”第十四例句中“really and truly”译成“千真万确”第十五例句中“hustle and bustle”译成“拥挤不堪的场面”第二十一例句中“言和意顺，似漆如胶”译成“were in complete accord”，第二十三例句中“心动神怡，魂消魄丧”译成“was utterly enchanting”，第二十例句中“孤孤凄凄，举目无亲”译成