发布时间 : 星期四 文章2018-2019人教新目标高中英语选修六课后阅读训练： 八 Unit 2 Period 4 Word版含答案 (16)更新完毕开始阅读759c2d650129bd64783e0912a216147916117e44
课后阅读训练 十五
Unit 4 Period 3 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A
We live in a culture that sends out very mixed messages about mistakes: We’re told we learn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn’t.
Experiments with schoolchildren who did well in a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hard—rather than being smart—far more often selected the more difficult task.
If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we aren’t open to getting the information we need in order to do better. In a writing study, experiments showed that those who were so scared to make mistakes performed worse in writing tasks than those who weren’t as worried about being perfect. They fear receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they don’t learn where they went wrong and how to get better.
We don’t just learn more when we’re open to mistakes, we learn deeper. Research tells us that if we’re only concerned about getting the right answer, we don’t always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we’re trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. As Thomas Edison said, “I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward. ”
Furthermore, we often make mistakes because we try new things—we wander away from accepted paths. Teflon, penicillin—these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. ”
【语篇概述】本文讲述了错误对我们成长的积极作用, 并列举了相关的实验和例子, 并建议我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。
1. What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard? A. They will ask their teachers for advice.
B. They will hide their mistakes from their teachers. C. They will work harder to avoid mistakes. D. They will choose a less challenging task.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文中第二段第一句可知“对在测试中取得较好成绩的学生做实验, 给他们一个较难的任务和一个较简单的任务, 被表扬聪明的同学更倾向于选择简单的任务”。
2. Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable according to the passage?
A. The more mistakes we make, the more we learn. B. Mistakes can be used as a positive factor for success. C. Being open to mistakes helps you understand the truth. D. A step forward may come from mistakes you’ve made.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。A选项过于绝对, 文中说错误可以帮我们找到自身的不足, 然后加以提高, 这样才会学到东西, 而不是犯越多的错, 学得越多。
3. What does the last paragraph want to tell us? A. One must follow a correct path to avoid mistakes. B. To become an Einstein, you should make mistakes. C. Making mistakes is not a disadvantage in a way. D. You can’t make mistakes unless you try new things.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。从最后一段可知, 我们犯错误是因为我们努力尝试新的东西, 所以从某种意义上说, 犯错误是有积极作用的。
4. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. We can never avoid making mistakes when we work. B. Success can’t be achieved without making mistakes. C. Try every means to avoid mistakes in our daily life. D. Mistakes should be treated with a correct attitude.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。从文章大意可知, 本文讲述了错误对于我们成长的积极作用, 以及我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。 B
To prevent the deserts coming near, China has planted billions of trees—to replace destroyed forests and as barriers against the sand. This isn’t a cure, though, say experts, as thirsty trees can make the problem worse by taking in groundwater.
“Planting trees is one way, but it isn’t that simple. It doesn’t solve the basic issue of water resources, ”says Wu Bo, a professor. “We need to calculate how much water the trees will absorb, or else it could have a negative effect. ”
Villagers in Zhengxin have taken on this challenge, with limited success. When the irrigation channels began to run dry, Lu Xianglin switched from wheat to cotton on his land. He also planted trees to protect his fields from sandstorms. He says he still gets good yields(产量)using flood irrigation and earns a good income for his family.
Other farmers haven’t stuck it out(坚持到底): about one in three have left Zhengxin in the past 10 years after their wheat crops died. Young people who can find jobs in the towns rarely return.
Last week, Mr Lu joined the other men in his village on a government-arranged trip to see the land that has been set aside for their relocation, nearly 40 miles to the south. The next day, he was back, shaking his head at the plan. The idea of uprooting his family troubles him, as does the idea of giving up the land that fed his forefathers. He prefers to stay and keep up the fight.
“With enough water, this problem can be solved, ”Lu says. “We can plant trees and grass, and they will grow bigger. That will stop the desert. ”
Experts say that farmers could switch to drip irrigation(滴灌)to lessen their water intake for growing crops. Elsewhere in the region, farmers have built brick greenhouses as part of a plan to grow vegetables using less water. Roadside signs urge farmers to “Save Water, Protect the Environment”.
【语篇概述】本文是议论文。文章讨论了植树并不是阻止沙漠化的最好办法。专家的建议是采用滴灌技术, 节约用水。
5. The negative effect of planting trees in deserts is that__________. A. it can make groundwater become less B. it can prevent the sand moving freely C. it can stop crops growing well D. it can get the soil to become poor
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知“在沙漠中种树会吸收沙漠中的地下水, 从而使地下水减少”。再结合第二段最后一句可知, 在沙漠中种树会有负面影响。
6. Why didn’t Mr Lu accept the idea of relocation?
A. Because the plan of relocation will cost him much money. B. Because his family had trouble moving away. C. Because he was reluctant to give up his land.
D. Because he would rather stay than fight against the deserts. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知选C。他不
愿放弃养育了他的祖先的土地。
7. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The deserts drive more and more people to leave their homes for their lives.
B. People have no means to fight against the land becoming desert. C. Water is the biggest barrier for people to stop the desert.
D. Planting trees cannot solve the problem of desertification of farmland.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Lu的话可知, 水是人们阻止沙漠化的最大障碍。
8. What advice is given by experts to save water? A. To plant more trees. B. To build greenhouses. C. To change crops. D. To use drip irrigation.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知, 专家们建议人们用滴灌技术来节约水。 C
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources (来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or