发布时间 : 星期五 文章06269-工程应用英语(已做)更新完毕开始阅读7637f368f46527d3240ce0fc
326.安全的高速公路造价昂贵，而看起来驾驶员也并不喜欢安全的高速公路。 327.因此，为了避免车辆发生故障，机动车辆检查项目是强制实施的。 328.因此，高速公路的改进也是避免交通事故发生的关键因素。 329.建筑路基是提供完美公路设施的第一步。
330.Tacoma Narrows桥倒塌是由于没有考虑到这些因素中的最后一个。
五．汉译英题：
331. These great buildings were not the product of knowledge of mathematics and physics. They
were constructed instead on the basis of experience and observation, often as the result of trial and error. One of the reasons they have survived is because of the great strength that was built in them—strength more than necessary in most cases.
332. Several EDM devices are available. They have slightly different advantages, but they all
work on the same general principle. They consist mainly of a transmitter located at one end of distance to be measured and a reflector at the other end.
333. Concrete is strong in compression, but weak in tension. Its tensile strength varies from 8 to
14 percent of its compressive strength. Due to such a low tensile capacity, flexural cracks develop at early stages of loading.
334. Drainage facilities are divided into two types according to the water sources, surface and
subsurface drainage. The surface drainage system for highways include sufficient transverse and longitudinal slopes, longitudinal channels, culverts, bridges and storm inlets and drains, which are provided on the median of divided highways. Subsurface drainage system drains water in three forms: water that has permeated through cracks and joints, water that has moved upward as a result of capillary action and ground water.
335. The highway location involves four phases: office study of existing information,
reconnaissance survey of routes] preliminary location and final location. The primary object of reconnaissance survey is to identify several feasible routes with a band, then plotting on photographic maps.
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336. Grade has a greater impact on trucks than passenger cars. The selection of maximum grade for a highway depends on design speed and design vehicle, and that of minimum grade depends on the drainage conditions of the highway. Minimum grade maybe reduced to 0.3 percent on high-type pavement constructed on suitably crowned, firm ground.
337. In urban areas, the intersections at grade generally require signalized control to organize the
vehicles and decrease in accidents. The vehicles in interchange may transfer their movement direction by the use of ramps. Wrong-way movements must be taken care of in the design of the ramps of diamond interchange.
338. Freeways built to the design standards are the safest of the various classes of highways. It is
estimated that freeways carry 25 percent of the total traffic. Whatever design speed is selected, transitions from the mainline of a freeway to the ramp terminal should be developed.
339. The selection of earth working equipment is primarily depended upon the nature of the
materials and the haul distance. The economical haul distances of bulldozers, scrapers and dump trucks are different. Rocks must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with loader or shovel into trucks or other hauling units.
340. A traffic accident denotes the event in which personal injury or death or property damage is
caused by vehicles in traffic. Traffic accidents can be grouped as death, serious and light injury, and the property damage according to their severity. Causes of traffic accidents are principally related to person, the vehicle, the road, and the environment.
341. Perhaps what is really wanted is a balance between traffic accidents and safety. Radii of
horizontal, designs of intersections are important factors in traffic safety. Automobile manufactures and researchers make great efforts to produce safer and less damaged vehicles in collision events.
342. Pavement marking provides important information to the driver. Pavement markings are particularly important at night and during inclement weather. Therefore, they must be retro reflective.
343. The shippers and travelers choose transportation modes in term of level of service provided.
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The term level of service is used to describe the quality of service that is provided for the traffic by the roads. Each mode offers a unique set of service characteristics in terms of travel time, frequency, comfort, reliability, convenience and safety.
344. Highway transportation is the dominant transportation mode in passenger travel. It has the advantages of flexibility and ability to provide door-to-door service. The backbone of highway transportation network comprises of 12 limited-access freeways in our country.
345. Properly designed easement curves make weaving unnecessary. Safety, then, is an argument favoring them. Another is that they give alignments a smoother, more flowing appearance. 346. Signing for freeways should be planned concurrently with the geometric design. Trying to sign after interchange geometrics and spacings have been finalized has often resulted in poor signing design and operational problem. However, poor freeway design cannot be overcome by signing. 347. Layered construction also produced greater uniformity in the material itself and in its density and moisture content. This is beneficial since any subsequent consolidation or swelling would be relatively uniform. By contrast, in fills constructed by end dumping or by placing in thick layers, material, density, and moisture content could vary greatly from one spot to another. 348. Construction is a complicated process on almost all engineering projects. Safety factors must
also be taken into account, since construction can be very dangerous. The prospective civil engineer should be aware of the physical demands that will be made on him or her.
349. Once a person has signed a document he is assumed to have read and approved its contents.
Each party to the contract has agreed to do something, and is liable for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of agreement. Notable among these contracts are contracts for the sale and disposal of land.
350. The conditions of contract define the obligations and performances to which the contractor will
be subject. The employer does not usually bind himself to accept the lowest or indeed any tender.
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