发布时间 : 星期四 文章2017年高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 第十一讲 复合句 新人教版更新完毕开始阅读768e34910a1c59eef8c75fbfc77da26924c596c7
二、定语从句考点透析
1．关系代词有：who，whom，whose，which，that，as。 关系副词有：when，where，why。 2．注意关系代词that的用法，如： (1)All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。
(2)I have read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读完你给的所有书籍。
(3)Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.
北海公园是两百年前修建的最美丽的公园之一。 3．关于“介词＋关系代词”。
能作介词宾语的关系代词只有whom 和which，先行词指人时用whom，先行词指物时用which。介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。如：
(1)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30，by which many people have got home.
在办公室里，我似乎5：30前永远不会有时间，而那时许多人都已经到家了。 (根据句意，用by which，意为“到这个时候”)
(2)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help是固定搭配) 4．当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语，即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词which，that。如：
(1)It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，when for the first time their team won the World Cup.
这是足球迷一年中激动的时刻，他们队第一次赢得了世界杯。
比较：This is the museum which/that we visited last year.(that/which是visited的宾语)
(2)This is the museum where my father used to work.(where是used to work的地点状语)
这是我父亲曾经工作过的博物馆。
(3)I'll never forget the days when I studied in this university.(when是studied的时间状语)
我永远不会忘记在这所大学学习的日子。
(4)I'll never forget the days which we spent together.(which是spent的宾语)
我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那些日子。 5．关系代词与其他代词的选填。
如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无and，but，or，so等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。如：
(1)Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise. 爱丽丝收到了老板的请柬，这对她是个惊喜。
(2)Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but it didn't help. 汤姆的妈妈总是叫他努力学习，可这一点用也没有。
(3)I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers，which has a great effect on me.
我永远不会忘记我们在乡村和农民们一起度过的那几年，它们对我影响极大。 6．as，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
as，which都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是，as除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如”、“像……一样”的词汇意义，which没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时， 只能用as。如：
Asyou(1) can_see，,谓语)he is very successful as a writer.,) 宾语主语正如你知道的那样，作为作家他很成功。
(2)We collected money for these poor children， ashad been decided
at_the_meeting．,状语) 主语谓语我们为这些可怜的孩子募捐，这是在会上决定的。 whichmadehim(3)She always criticized Tom，,)
主语谓语宾语very_unhappy．,宾语补足语) 她老是批评汤姆，这让他极不高兴。
7．如果先行词是way，可用that，in which引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。如： (1)I don't like the way that he spoke to me. 我不喜欢他跟我说话的方式。
(2)I don't like the way in which he spoke to me.
(3)I don't like the way he spoke to me.
8．先行词是occasion时，关系副词用when；先行词是point，stage，situation，case，position时，关系副词用where。如：
(1)I still remember the occasion when I had to tell a lie although I didn't want to.
我仍然记得那个场景，虽然我不想说谎，可又不得不说谎。
(2)You could get into a situation where you are forced to do something against your will.
你有可能陷入一种困境：违背自己的意愿，被迫做某些事情。
强化训练二
Ⅰ.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。
1．A lot of language learning, ____________has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
2．In 1786 they were published in the volume, Poems, Chiefly，________made him famous in Scotland overnight.
3．There they met people from other parts of the country，________had also volunteered to help.
4. Some planes have seats________lie flat to become beds and on the very newest planes，passengers can even use the Internet!
5. He has 320 melons in all，58 of ________are on the table. Fresh and red, each weighs about 2kg.
6．Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
7．One day the city mouse，________lived in a big house wrote a letter to the country mouse inviting him for a visit.
8．But she never forgot other children of the mountains________parents couldn't afford to send them to school.
9．My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library. I passed