发布时间 : 星期日 文章翻译综述更新完毕开始阅读7704c5ddd15abe23482f4d8c
专转本英语 翻译篇 技巧综述
增词、减词法
（1）根据词义或修辞需要增词
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.
声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。
Compared with mine, your computer is really cheap and fine.
与我的电脑相比，你的电脑真是物美价廉。
（2）根据语法需要增词
I didn’t know that computers had been used so widely.
我以前还不知道电脑却原来被如此广泛地应用。
He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office.
他过去是已故总统的化身，而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。
Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident.
要是我们及时知道那件事，事故本来是可以防止的。（虚拟语气）
Experiments had shown that this principle is almost universal.
各种试验已表明，该原理几乎是普适性的。（名词复数）
减词法
A. 语法角度上的省略
A camel is much inferior to an elephant in strength.
骆驼的力气远不如大象。（省略不定冠词）
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
金属热胀冷缩。（省译从属连词when）
B. 意义或修辞角度上的省略
There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.
天未下雪，但叶落草枯。
1
重复法
A．为了明确重复
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
B. 为了强调重复
He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.
他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。
C. 为了生动重复
But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.
多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
拆分法 单词分译
We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.
我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。
短语分译
The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.
军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译)
句子分译
On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世。
合并法
中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.
词类转换法
A、 转译成动词 名词——动词
2
他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
介词——动词
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
B．转译成名词
Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。
C．其它词类转译
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
机器的在大小（或尺寸）上可以根据用户的需要进行调整。
All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved.
你的付出和所得成正比。
主动、被动转换法
American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels.
允许美国俘虏领取红十字会的食品包裹。
One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.
必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。
语序调整法
The time has long passed when they sought comfort in the thought that our economic plans were unrealistic and unworkable.
以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的，行不通的，并以此聊以自慰。这样的岁月，早已一去不复返了。
Peter, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiments, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.
（虽然）彼得在做实验之前从头到尾仔细阅读过操作指南，但是由于他生搬硬套，所以得不到满意的结果。
加注法
Like a son of Bachus, he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath.
3
他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子，能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。 *巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。
You look like AL-Capone in that suit.
你穿上那套衣服，看上去就像个流氓阿尔·卡彭*了。 *阿尔·卡彭是美国历史上一著名歹徒，芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领。
It was Friday* and soon they’d go out and get drunk.
星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。 *星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。
The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle.
刚下一场及时雨，那人却又为草坪浇水，真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔，多此一举。 *纽卡斯尔：英国煤都。
词义的选择与引申
1) The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade.
过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。
2) To develop the instrument, many experts were invited.
为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。
3) In developing the design, the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science.
在进行设计时，工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。
直译、意译
Today a man, tomorrow a mouse.
今天是一个人，明天是一只鼠。
今天得志，明天失落。
Hope is the poor man’s bread.
希望是穷人的面包。
穷人靠希望活着。
正反译法
4
肯定、否定转换 Words Affirmative Negative Difficult 困难的 不容易的 certain 肯定，确信 无疑，毫无疑问 Extraordinary 特别的 不平常的 dying 奄奄一息的， 还没咽气的 Failure 失败 不及格/没做到/ Predictable 可预言的 不出所料的 Anxiety 忧虑 焦急不安
I hate to get personal, but you are much older than Byron.
我不喜欢过问私事，不过你比拜伦要大得多。
Oh, stop fumbling. I will finish the top buttons.
唉，别笨手笨脚地乱摸了，上面的扣子我来扣吧。 Words Affirmative Negative Incomplete 不完全的 残缺的 Infrequent 不经常的 偶尔有之的 unasked 未经邀请的 自告奋勇的 infelicitous 不完善的 有缺点的 dishonorable 不体面地 丢面子 Unprecedented 前所未有的 空前的 indecisive 犹豫不决的 优柔寡断的 Yesterday the President gave an unprepared speech before a big audience.
昨天总统在的大庭广众前即席致辞。
Aren’t they fine, these men are going off into nowhere like that?
这三人真行，前途茫茫，就这样去了。
Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility.
谦卑的外表是最容易使人上当的。
The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
我们仍然重视这些事情的重要性。
They didn’t half support my proposal.
他们非常支持我的建议
5