发布时间 : 星期三 文章2019北京石景山区初三一模英语更新完毕开始阅读78d1194603d276a20029bd64783e0912a3167cf8
24. What was Jane’s childhood dream? A. To explore forests in Africa. B. To make a documentary film. C. To write books about animals. D. To study chimpanzees in Africa. 25. What did Jane do in the 1970s? A. She continued to work in Gombe. B. She went to study in a university. C. She found her first chimpanzee. D. She published her first book.
26. What plan did Jane make to help chimpanzees in1980s? A. To grow more trees. C. To stop the fighting.
B. To do more studies. D. To set up sanctuaries.
C
It’s no secret that laughter works wonders for us. And much research has been carried out into the good that laughter can do for our general health and well-being. It has been found to release endorphins (释放安多芬), our bodies’ natural “feel-good” chemicals, into our blood. But as we grow older, we are more likely to find fewer things funny. A child will laugh on average 300 times a day. By the time we reach adulthood, this number is around 20. But what’s behind this? One theory (理论) suggests that it’s not a problem of us losing our sense of humor but rather, as we grow older, we’re socially conditioned to take things a bit more seriously.
Laughter is very much something we do with others. Studies have shown that we are 30 times more likely to find something funny when we are with others than when we are by ourselves. But to laugh with others, we do need to feel a connection to them. We need to feel comfortable in their company. That’s why it can be difficult to laugh in the presence of strangers. Laughter is also very contagious and one person’s laugh can spread quickly throughout a group of people. But often what makes us join in is the fear of standing out and being different. We laugh, even if we don’t really get the joke, especially in groups controlled
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by a powerful person. When the head teacher tells a joke, for example, you laugh, even though later you might wonder if the joke was really that funny at all.
There are many different reasons why we laugh. Here are three widely accepted theories: The Incongruity Theory: It’s often the unexpected that makes us laugh. When things that we are familiar with suddenly take a turn into the unknown, our expectations are challenged and that often results in laughter.
The Superiority Theory: We often find the mistakes and misfortunes of others funny. This would explain the popularity of online videos showing pranks (恶作剧).
The Relief Theory: Laugh offers light relief. It explains why there are so many jokes about the darker things in life. By being able to laugh at them, we are able to face them more easily.
27. According to the theory in Paragraph 1, why do we laugh less as we grow older? A. There are fewer funny things. B. We take things more seriously. C. Our body releases less endorphins. D. We gradually lose our sense of humor. 28. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A. More funny things happen when we are with others. B. It’s difficult to build up connections with strangers. C. We laugh sometimes because of social needs. D. Powerful people are more likely to be funny. 29. What is the passage mainly about? A. The science of laughter. B. The power of laughter. C. The sign of laughter. D. The art of laughter.
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D
Upcycling is the process of changing old materials into something useful and often beautiful.
So, is it the same as recycling? No. Recycling takes materials –paper or glass – and breaks them down so their base materials can be remade
tyre
into a new product. When you upcycle an item (物品), you are not breaking down the material, you are simply refashioning it. For example, you might make shoes out of old tyres. Also, the upcycled item is typically of the same, or even better, quality (质量) than the original.
Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modern-day upcycling come from the 1930s to 1940s when families didn’t have enough materials. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until there were no longer useful. For example, an old door can be made into a new dining table. Economising (节约) is still a trend (趋势) today and a big reason why more and more people upcycle. But an even bigger reason for the rebirth of upcycling is its good influence on the environment.
Upcycling is green. The plain and simple fact of the matter is that upcycling is much better for the planet than throwing things away. When you upcycle, that’s one item less that ends up on the waste mountain. Upcycling is also considerably more environmentally friendly than recycling, which needs energy or water to break down materials. Upcycling just needs your own creativity and effort.
Grace Robinson, from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, and then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they are dry, she takes the tea out and sews the bags together to make clothes. This can take a long time – maybe months for a single dress – so Grace gets friends to help her by drinking tea too and passing their tea bags on to her.
There are two ways to support the upcycling movement. Sort (分类) through your wardrobe or recycling bin and create items yourself, or buy ready-made items from upcycled materials. Both ways benefit the environment and in return, you get something that’s both attractive and practical.
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30. We can learn from the passage that upcycling A. can improve the quality of items B. needs more energy than recycling C. needs to break down base materials D. produces more waste than recycling
31. The underlined word “refashioning” in Paragraph 2 probably means “
. ”.
A. giving a new form C. making a perfect copy 32. The writer probably agrees that .
B. giving a simple name D. making a different model
A. it is better to make clothes with used tea bags B. upcycling is much greener than recycling C. it is necessary to help others to upcycle D. people need to be more creative
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Get started to recycle today B. A modern trend: upcycling C. Is it the same as recycling? D. To recycle or to upcycle?
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共 10 分，每小题 2 分）
World Kindness Day is a celebration which takes place on 13 November each year. It was introduced in 1998 by the World Kindness Movement. It is celebrated in many countries, including Canada, Japan, Australia and some other countries. World Kindness Day is celebrated to highlight acts of kindness passing on the positive (正面的) power.
Why be kind? Few people would disagree with the idea that a kind action is good for the soul ( 灵 魂 ). It is a win-win situation because it leads to a sense of well-being both for the receiver of this kind action, as well as for the person who does the action. As a simple example, let’s imagine you have a workmate who always does a very good job. How about taking a moment to mention this to them, just in conversation or perhaps by email? The effects of this
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