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A
(2017·红桥区二模)
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣)．Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another，and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often live-and-death affairs.In their single-minded pursuit of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly criticize competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on
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how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in competition.
语篇解读 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。文章讨论的是人们对于竞争的不同态度。有的人非常重视竞争，认为它有益于社会的进步；有的人认为竞争对人的发展不利。 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B．Opinions about competition are different among people. C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experience in competition. 答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人们对于竞争所持的不同态度。 2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A．It pushes society forward. B．It builds up a sense of duty. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts. 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由首段第二句可知答案。
3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”． A．those who try their best to win B．those who value competition most highly C．those who are against competition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段中“others take an opposite attitude”及“they strongly criticize competition”可知，画线短语指“强烈反对竞争的人”。
4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？
A．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts. C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
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答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由文章尾段倒数第三句“Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知答案。
5．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．Competition should be encouraged.
C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. 答案 D
解析 推理判断题。尾段最后一句表明了作者的观点：只有当这种基本的、害怕失败的态度消失时，我们才能找到竞争的真正含义。即作者认为在竞争中，不要总担心失败。
B
(2017·河北区一模)
Going shopping seems easy，but actually it takes a lot of learning，especially in America.In fact，many Americans who are not so well-off often shop at “sales” or at special stores that sell things at low prices，which you may find interesting.In America，the important rule of dressing is that one should change his or her clothes every day.For example，in an American college，neither professors nor students are seen in the same clothes two days in a row.So you may find it necessary to buy more clothes than you have in China.While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.The purchase of used，second-hand clothing，furniture，or other household articles may be an excellent way of saving money.Most second-hand clothes are of pretty good quality.If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a “loan closet”，where furniture rents at low cost，or you may also go to a “furniture exchange” place in the community.
Sheets，blankets，and other bedclothes go on sale in most communities twice a year.Advertisements for “white sales” on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.Once or twice every season，there will be “garage sales”，where you can get almost anything，from a yacht to a pair of shoes，at low prices.Prices at “discount stores” and “thrift shops” are also as low as you can imagine.
When shopping for food，you should look for special prices for various items that
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are put on sale weekly.To economize，it would be a good idea for you to plan the weekly menu according to what is on sale，including in it the meats，vegetables，fruits，etc.that can be bought at special prices that week.
Exchange and return policies vary from store to store.You should also keep in mind that exchange and return policies for sales items can be different from standard store policies，especially if the price of the items has been reduced.Ask the merchant about their exchange and return policies before making your purchase.Obtaining an exchange or a return without a store receipt is often difficult.So，to save yourself the headache，you’d better hold on to any paper or other proof of purchase. 语篇解读 本文主要讲述在美国购物时，有时价格变化会很大，作者对此给出了一些建议。 6．People shopping in America will discover . A．American goods are excellent B．most clothes come from China C．prices vary much sometimes D．used clothes are of poor quality 答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第六句“While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.”可知，当人们在美国购物时，会发现价格有时会变化很大。故选C。 7．A person who needs furniture can . A．exchange their goods for furniture B．settle in a place that has furniture C．get some free of charge D．rent some at low cost 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a ‘loan closet’，where furniture rents at low cost...”可知，如果你需要家具，可以去“loan closet”，在那里你可以低价租到家具。故选D。
8．At a “white sales”，one can buy . A．almost anything
B．meats，vegetables，fruits
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