发布时间 : 星期日 文章Unit 11 reading - 图文更新完毕开始阅读7fa7bbdbfc4ffe473268ab95
Unit 11 reading
1. citizen journalism 32. hard pressed 2. wide-ranging 33. as it stands 3. Oh Yeon-Ho 34. Joseph Epstein 4. before he can catch his own irony 35. Gutenberg’s movable type 5. OhmyNews 36. perfect storm 6. page view 37. Editor & Publisher 7. in the same league as 38. newsroom 8. tip jar system 39. hard-hit 9. debit 40. classifieds 10. not-for-profit 41. That proverbial sucking sound 11. divulge 42. cost center 12. syndication 43. defect vi. 13. kill sth. off 44. sunset industry 14. pane 45. atavistic 15. tilt 46. profit margin 16. early adopter 47. Knight Ridder 17. foreshadow 48. stable 18. San Jose Mercury News 49. newspaper baron 19. put sth. on ice 50. preside over 20. Current TV 51. Rupert Murdoch 21. airtime 52. gospel 22. meritocracy 53. digital natives 23. the Gaza Strip 54. hit the right note 24. Kevin Sites 55. give it a go 25. folksonomy 56. crossfire 26. Flickr 57. Slate 27. blogosphere 58. It’s not content until it’s linked. 28. 15 minutes of fame 59. link-rot 29. 15 MEGS OF FAME 60. archive 30. hyper-local 61. claptrap 31. Dan Gillmor
1. citizen journalism: Citizen journalism is a concept that advances the idea that consumers or everyday citizens take a more active role in the news. It is often referred to as the ―new media‖ and includes everything from passionate letters to the editor and comments on blogs and news sites, to bloggers scooping stories or exposing doctored or omitted facts from mainstream media reports. Citizen journalism also points out bias by particular reporters or news outlets and attempts to give voice to the both sides on hot button issues. 公民新闻
―一个或一群公民，搜集、报导、分析、散播新闻和资讯的积极行动，目的在提供民主所需的独立地、可信地、准确地、广泛地、切合需求地资讯‖；
公民新闻就是来自业余新闻工作者的第一手新闻报道，也就是指业余新闻工作者通过大众媒介和个人摄录、通讯工具（诸如移动电话、数码相机、数码摄像机、计算机网络等）为广大受众选择、撰写、分析和传播新闻信息的行为和现象。
Sometimes called grassroots journalism, citizen journalism is seen by some news outlets as a threat to journalistic integrity. Citizen journalists, however, believe that their methods hold news organizations to higher standards. While news organizations don’t really have a problem with citizen journalism when it’s a case of citizens bringing in useful footage they’ve personally captured, some may not always appreciate citizens offering a viewpoint. WHO ARE CITIZEN JOURNALISTS?
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Anyone can be a citizen journalist -- seniors, students, PhD’s, homemakers, the homeless, immigrants, nuns, you name it.
The label ―citizen journalist‖ is controversial, so many people who are doing citizen journalism don’t call themselves citizen journalists. Often they consider themselves simply bloggers, discussion leaders and participants, or vocal community members.
A lot of citizen journalism happens on sites and forums where citizen journalism is not the main focus. It just crops up as warranted. Therefore, any venue might occasionally offer some citizen journalism.
2. wide-ranging: varied; widely different; including a wide variety of －She had wide-ranging interests.
－The implications of the investigation were wide-ranging. 3. Oh Yeon-Ho: Oh Yeon Ho (born 1964) is the founder of ―citizen journalism‖ in the Republic of Korea, and CEO of OhmyNews a new approach to cyber-journalism in which ordinary citizens can contribute to a major news organization through being at news events, filing reports, and having their work verified and edited by a trained news staff. He is seen as one of the pivotal figures in the contemporary culture of South Korea.吴延浩
Oh was born in 1964 in Gokseong. He graduated from Yonsei University in 1988 with a degree in Korean
literature. He earned a master’s degree in journalism from Regent University in 1998 and has a PhD in mass-communication at Sogang University in Seoul. In 2006, he received the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award for his work with information technology, most specifically his pioneering development of OhmyNews and the society-transforming contributions that resulted. 4. before he can catch his own irony: before he can understand he really wants to express when he says so. 5.
OhmyNews is a South Korean online newspaper website with the motto ―Every Citizen is a Reporter‖. It was founded by Oh Yeon Ho on February 22, 2000.
It is the first of its kind in the world to accept, edit and publish articles from its readers, in an open source style of news reporting. About 20% of the site’s content is written by the 55-person staff, while most of the articles are written by other freelance contributors who are mostly ordinary citizens.
OhmyNews International is an English language online newspaper that features ―citizen reporter‖ articles written by contributors from all over the globe. Its content is almost 100% citizen reporter.
OhmyNews是一个最初由韩国开始的网上媒体。现在拥有韩语、日语及英语三种语言。OhmyNews的特色是采用了一种类似wiki新闻及香港独立媒体的方式，有参与者提供新闻，并为参与者提供讨论的平台，但比两者成立的时间还要早。
6. page view: 1. Generally, the viewing of all of the elements on a page is called a page view. However, some advertisers count a framed page view as viewing all of the frames that make up a page while others count each page as a page view to inflate the number of page views counted. 2. This term is often used to tell advertisers how many times their banner ad was seen by visitors viewing the page. Impressions (page views) describe the information received by a Web site visitor after he or she has downloaded all the elements (text and graphics) that make up a single Web page. A reasonable rule of thumb is that approximately 10 ―hits‖ equals one page impression.
综合浏览量: 网站各网页被浏览的总次数. 一个访客有可能创造十几个甚至更多的Pageviews。是目前判断网站访问流量最常用的计算方式， 也是反映一个网站受欢迎程度的重要指标之一。
7. in the same league (as sb / sth): also in the same league (with somebody/something): having
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qualities or achievements similar to someone or something else 与……同等级、同类
－The new foundation will be giving away $55 million a year, putting it in the same league as other well-known charities.
－You don’t often get to hear two symphony orchestras that are in the same league within a single week.
Usage notes: often used in the form not in the same league (not nearly as good as something or someone else (often + as ) ): 不可同日而语
－He’s made a lot of money, but his net worth is not in the same league as that computer guy’s.
－My four-year-old computer’s just not in the same league as the latest machines with their super-fast processors. 8. tip jar system:
tip jar: a glass container for tips
tip jar system: a system for managing donated money
OhmyNew has a tip jar system, where readers click to make small payments to their favourite writers. Each day, thousands of payments of 2 or 3 dollars came in through our tip jar and mobile phone payment system. Its citizen reporters can receive tips from the readers through internet banking or mobile phone payments.
No one’s getting rich on this, but it says [their work] has value.
9. debit: to take money out of an account记入借方 debit something from something －The sum of ￡25 has been debited from your account. －The bank mistakenly debited my account $200!
－Your account will automatically be debited for the amount of your insurance bill every month. —opposite credit
10. not-for-profit: not existing or done for the purpose of making a profit =nonprofit, non-profitmaking
－a not-for-profit organization
－Britain is fortunate in the diversity and breadth of the activities of ―not-for-profit‖ organizations. for-profit: existing or done for the purpose of making a profit －a for-profit company/venture
－The Materials may not be used for any other purpose, whether ―for profit‖ or ―not for profit.‖ 11. divulge: to reveal or tell; to make (information) known; to give (information) to someone －She refused to divulge the name of her informant. －The company will not divulge its sales figures.
divulge information/secrets/details etc (to somebody)
－It is not company policy to divulge personal details of employees.
12. syndication: 1) selling (written work, photographs, etc) for publication in many magazines or newspapers at the same time辛迪加； 联合供稿
－He received a comfortable income from the syndication of his work.
2) In broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast radio shows and television shows to multiple individual stations, without going through a broadcast network.
3) RSS (most commonly translated as ―Really Simple Syndication‖) is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works—such as blog entries, news headlines, audio, and video—in a standardized format.真简单联合供稿：一种可供网路使用者「订阅」资讯格式 Syndication revenues联合供稿收入 13. kill sth. off:
1) to kill all of (something): to kill every one of (a group)
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－Scientists aren’t certain what killed off the dinosaurs. －She killed off her relatives to get the inheritance.
2) to remove (something) completely; to get rid of (something)
－The company has become so successful that it has killed off the competition.
14. pane: A rectangular area within an on-screen window that contains information for the user. A window may have many panes.（视窗中的）方格，方框，窗格
－show the actions pane when the application opens. 打开应用程序时显示操作窗格
menu pane: The formal name for the list of options that is displayed when you select a menu from the menu bar.
15. tilt: to influence a situation in a particular way, or to be influenced in a particular way（使）倾斜 tilt the balance towards/in favour of someone: give someone an advantage －Crisis situations tend to tilt the balance of power in favour of the president.
－Excellent performances from the opening batsmen have tilted the balance in favour of the home side.
tilt toward/towards
－Government tax policy has tilted toward industrial development.
16. early adopter: An early adopter is a person who embraces new technology before most other people do. Early adopters tend to buy or try out new hardware items and programs, and new versions of existing programs, sooner than most of their peers. 早期用户
所谓早期用户，就是指那些常常赶在众人之前尝试某种产品或服务的人。喜欢尝试新鲜事物，敢于冒险是他们的主要特点。一种产品或者服务在被大多数人接受使用之前，首先会经受早期用户的‖检验‖，产品或服务往往通过和早期用户建立良好的互动关系来进行完善和发展。
Early adopters, while eager to explore new options in technology, are not the most daring, and are not especially prone to taking risks. That role is played by a small minority of people called innovators. Only one person in 40 is of this type. They are the people most likely to conceive and develop new methodologies and technologies, and who often end up running large IT corporations or founding new ones.
Early adopters and innovators have counterparts, known as laggards and Luddites, at the opposite end of the human spectrum. Laggards are slow or reluctant to embrace new technology because of disinterest or financial constraints. Luddites actively fear or loathe new technology, especially those forms they believe threaten existing jobs.
The people in your market segment are divided into four groups: Early Adopters are risk takers who actually like to try new things.
Pragmatists might be willing to use new technology, if it’s the only way to get their problem solved.
Conservatives dislike new technology and try to avoid it.
Laggards pride themselves on the fact that they are the last to try anything new.
This drawing reflects the fact that there is no smooth or logical transition between the Early
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