发布时间 : 星期五 文章2014年秋人教版九年级英语第九单元语法知识（定语从句）更新完毕开始阅读8020c37152d380eb62946da8
第九单元语法知识（定语从句）
定语从句：在复合从句中作定语（解释，定语：起修饰和限制作用的语言单位，由形容词充当），修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句总是放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词that, which, who, whom(宾格），whose（所有格）或关系副词（where, when, why). 定语从句在复合句中对先行词起着修饰，限定作用，在句中充当定语的功能。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，即起连接作用，又充当从句的重要成分。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略，而关系代词在定语从句中作主语或定语时则不能省略。
注意：关系代词that即可指人，也可指物，指物时可与which互换，指人时可与who 或whom互换,但指人时多用who 或whom 1、that (指人或物） 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 eg: I like movies that / which make me laugh.
The people who / that came to visit the city are all here. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning.
2、 which （指物,不能指人）在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略 eg: Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. This is the pen which / that he bought yesterday.
I prefer books which / that give me something to think about. 3. who (指人，不能指物） 在定语从句中做主语
eg: The boys who / that are playing football are from Class one. I will invite someone who likes me.
4. whom (指人，不能指物）在定语从句中只能做宾语，其前没有介词时，可用who/ whom代替，也可
省略 eg: Mr. Liu is the person whom / that you talked about.
He is the man whom / that you would like to see. 5. whose （指人或物）在定语从句中作定语，可与of which互换 eg: Is there anyone in your class whose / of which mother is a teacher ? He has a friend whose / of which father is a doctor. Do you like the book whose / of which color is green ?
6. where (指地点）可与in which互换, 在定语从句中作地点状语，用来表示地点的定语从句 eg: Shanghai is the city where / in which I was born.
7. when (指时间）可与on which互换,在定语从句中作时间状语，用来表示时间的定语从句
eg: I still remember the day when / on which I first came to the school.
8. why(指原因）可与for which互换, 在定语从句中作原因状语，用来表示原因的定语从句
eg: Please tell me the reason why / for which you missed the plane. 一、 只用that引导的定语从句，不用which, who, whom的情况有：
1）当先新词为anything, nothing, something, everything等指物的不定代词和all, much等时 eg: We should do everything that is useful to the people.
2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, one of, the only, the same, the very, the last, just 等词修饰时；
eg: Mary is the only one that wants to be a teacher. 3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时； eg: This is the best story that I have read. 4) 当先行词被序数词修饰时；
eg: He is the first person that I want to see. 5) 当先行词同时含有人和物时；
eg: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about ? 6) 当主句中已有疑问词who或 which时； eg: Which is the bike that you bought ?
Who is the student that was praised at the meeting ?
7) 有两个定语从句，为了避免重复，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个则用that; eg: He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 8) 在there be句型中；
eg: Is there the book that you borrowed in the library? 二、只用which引导的定语从句，不用that的情况用： 1）关系代词前有介词时（of, for, with, in, on....)
eg: I want find the pen with which I wrote the letter. （我想找到我用来写信的钢笔） 2）当先行词为that 或those时；
3) 在非限定性定语从句中（解释，非限定性定语从句：即通常用逗号隔开，若去掉从句，整个句子仍然表达完整意义的定语从句）
eg: Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 三、 只用who引导的定语从句，不用that的情况有：
1) 当先行词为everyone, someone, no one, nobody, everybody, somebody等表示人的不定代词时 eg: Is there anyone who can answer the question? 2) 当先行词为those时 eg: Those who go to the park stay here.