发布时间 : 星期三 文章【12份试卷合集】广东省广州海珠区四校联考2021届英语高一下学期期末模拟试卷更新完毕开始阅读81275e5c59f5f61fb7360b4c2e3f5727a4e92438
高一英语下学期期末模拟试卷
注意事项：
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第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Best Science Books of 2018
At its heart, science is about curiosity. So it stands to reason these books about science should make you examine your world more closely, and in doing so, give you a sense of wonder.
Big Chicken, by Maryn McKenna
Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into
how antibiotics(抗生素) transformed modern agriculture—for good and ill. She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health, causing serious problems from antibiotic resistant stomach infections to UTIs. Recognizing that
Americans are going to continue to eat chicken no matter what, Mckernna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics.
Why Time Flies, by Alan Burdick
New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has eve
r known: time. Time, he writes, appears to exist in two distinct forms.
One is the standardized, objective kind found in clocks and watches; the other is our internal, biological sense of time, the one we measure in our cells, bodies and minds. But the closer he looks, the less clearer this distinction appears.
Paleoart, by Zoe Lescaze
Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike,
and Paleoart brings
those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity.
These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs,
but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibilities of their time. Both artistic and educational, these pictures are certainly influential.
What It’s Like to Be a Dog, by Gregory Berns Berns, a neuroscientist,
trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time. That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals, from sea lions to the extinct thylacine (袋狼). Berns says, “With their ability to think, choose and feel, dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.”
21. Which book has something to do with public health?
A. Why Time Flies. B. Paleoart. C. What It ’s Like to Be a Dog. D. Big Chicken. 22. Who writes about time?
A. Alan Burdick. B. Zoe Lescaze. C. Gregory Berns. D. Maryn Mckenna. 23. What was Berns’ pioneering work?
A. Studying extinct animals. B. Observing dog brains. C. Fighting for animal rights. D. Training dogs.
B
My name is Matthew. I’m not someone who has many secrets because I’ m a terrible liar. But there is one huge secret that I kept for years—I failed my driving test. I had never failed a test before, and had never even e close. Driving made me anxious, but my parents told me I had to. They signed me up for driving lessons. I had gotten a perfect score for my written permit exam, but getting behind the wheel was a different story.
But when October 30th rolled around, my pride set in. I wanted to be like everyone else at my school, showing off the brand new license they’d gotten. Looking back on that special day, I can’t remember if I was nervous. What I do remember is starting the test, pausing at a stop sign after a few seconds, and being asked by the instructor to pull over. I had received an auto-fail since my pause was indeed a pause and not a real stop. I wasn’t upset that I was leaving without a license, but I was scared everyone would know that I had failed. So when I got to class，I told everyone I didn’t want to take the test on my birthday.
One Friday a month later, I went to the test spot again and passed. Later that night I drove for the first time by myself, which brought to me an amazing feeling I’ve never experienced—but still, I couldn’t imagine ever telling anyone the truth. So I didn’t. It wasn’t until midway through college that I came clean. It turned out plenty of my college friends had failed too! And I gathered enough courage to speak the fact out. Yes, I had also failed.
Now I realize failure and imperfection are two things everyone has to experience, without which
one couldn’t make a true man. 24. What can we learn about Matthew?
A. He relied heavily on his parents. B. He was bored with telling lies. C. He was a slow learner of driving. D. He was afraid of taking exams. 25. Why did the instructor ask Matthew to pull over?
A. To put an end to his test. B. To check his parking skills. C. To give him a second chance. D. To show him a better way of driving. 26. What made Matthew feel extremely worried after his first attempt?
A. Failing to get a driving license. B. Missing his birthday celebration. C. Making his parents disappointed. D. Losing face before his classmates. 27. What did Matthew learn from his own experience?
A. Failure is a way to grow up. B. Honesty is the best policy.
C. Truth stands the test of time. D. Imperfection is another form of perfection.
C
Do you have a younger brother? Does he always get in trouble? well, there might be some science behind that.
According to a report from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, second-born boys are more likely than first-borns to behave badly, which could be why you from time to time consider your younger brothers or sisters sprites.
Researchers, who explored data from tens of thousands of sibling(兄弟姐妹) pairs from Denmark and Florida, found second-born boys are 20 to 40% more likely to have behavioral problems. If you’re the second-born child you may want to have a little chat with your parents. The reason why second-born siblings may be worse behaved than first-borns is that parents tend to pay less attention to them.
“Second-born children tend to have less attention from the mother than their older siblings because first-born children experience their mother’s maternity leaves(产假). Firstborns enjoy the rewards of not only their own time with mum following their birth, but the time mum takes off with younger siblings, too,” the authors explain.
It’s not just about the parents, however. Speaking to NRP, co-author Joseph Doyle said, “The first-born has role models, who are adults. And the second, later-born children have role models who are slightly unreasonable 2-year-olds, you know, their older siblings. The difference of parental investments and the sibling influences probably contribute to these differences we see in the labor market and what we find in behaviors against regulations, even against laws. It’s just very difficult to separate those two things because they happen at the same time.
The results, the authors argue, have an important effect on social policy. 28. What does the underlined word “sprites” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Losers. B. Troublemakers. C. Close panions. D. Parents’ pets. 29. According to the report, what influences the second-born children ’s behavior? A. Challenges of their elder siblings. B. Fewer chances of talking with others. C. More family problems they are faced with. D. The amount of attention they receive from parents. 30. Joseph Doyle holds the opinion that the older siblings . A. have the same role models as their younger ones B. are not to blame for their younger siblings’ failure C. are partly responsible for their younger siblings’ problems D. affect the parental investment and the labor market participation 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Why the second-born tend to be misbehaved B. How parents improve family relationships C. Social policy guides family education D. Parents prefer first-born kids D
No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But next year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man-made craft has
flown before. The mission (任务) is a big development for scientists and, maybe, for everyone else.
In September 2018, NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar Probe.
After a journey of nearly 90
million miles, it will fly within 3.8 million miles of the sun. Within two months of launching, the probe is expected to reach the sun’s corona( 日冕). That’s the sun’s outer atmosphere of gases.
Getting there won’t be easy.
Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has
proved difficult. But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach
millions of degrees. The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2,500℉.
That’s still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5-inch-thick heat shield（罩）will protect the probe’s camera and scientific instruments.