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Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
Section A 1.过去进行时 (1)用法
① 过去某个时间正在发生的动作
He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。 ② 过去某段时间正在发生的动作
I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。
(2)与过去进行时连用时间状语，at nine last night/at that time=then/at this time yesterday/或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示
(3) 构成：was\\were +现在分词 (4) 四个基本句型
肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night? 回答 Yes, he was. /No, he wasn’t.
特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night? (5) 过去进行时的固定句型
Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。
Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。 Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 (6)比较
He watched TV last night.（过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）
He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)
2. at the time of 在...... 的时候 （常用于过去进行时） rainstorm n 暴风雨 raincoat 雨衣 raindrop雨滴
3.alarm n 闹钟 an alarm clock 一个闹钟
go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响，离开 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了 go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming 去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳
4.heavily adv 在很大程度上 heavy adj. 沉重的 How heavy are you? heavily adv 沉重地 The army lost heavily. 形容风大的时候常用strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard 【注】heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有：
hungry 饥饿的 hungrily
happy 快乐的 happily
angry 生气的 angrily
lucky 幸运的 luckily
5.miss v.
(1)错过(后接名词、代词或动车ing） Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus. (2)想念；思念 I miss you.
(3) n.用于姓名或姓之前，是对未婚女子的称呼，但首字母要大写，“小姐；女生” 6. pick up 接电话 接电话 Tom, I called you, but you didn’t pick up pick up 捡起；拾起 I pick up a wallet on my way home （开车）接某人 I will pick you up at the station 学到；获得 He was picking up the skills quickly. 7.strange adj. 奇怪的 →strangely adv奇怪地 →stranger n 陌生人 be strange to 对……感到陌生 strange 奇怪的 It’s strange that she came to the party. 陌生的 He stands in a stranger street. 8. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮，让人感觉这是在午夜。 with + n +adv ，在句中做伴随状语
with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open
9.feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事
I feel like _______ (catch) a clod today.
10.report v 报道 → reporter n 记者
make a report 做报告 weather report 天气预报 give a report 作报告 It’s reported that… 据报道
11.so
(1)做语气词 无实际意义，表示惊讶或领会，引出后面内容 So, you were the first one to enter the classroom. (2)作副词 so + adj./ adv “如此……” The book is so interesting. (3)作连词
so + adj./adv +that 从句 so + 从句 所以
so that +从句 以便，为了……
12.I see . 我知道了。 （表示通过别人提醒而明白、了解）
see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事 see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事
13.either 也
(1) also 也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 (2) too 也， 用于肯定句句末 (3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末
14.while当......的时候
15.make sure确信； 确保 make sure to do sth make sure of Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave.
Do you know the time of the train? You’d better make sure of it.
16.work 运转；发挥作用 The madicine doesn’t work.
(1)工作，不可数名词 He has too much work to do. 他要做的工作太多。 work →worker (2)著作或作品，可数名词，但多用复数 He has read many of Hemingway’s works. (3)工厂，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义
The glass works（=factory) is [are] near the station. 玻璃工厂在车站附近。
?beat?比赛赛、竞争对手（如或球队球队17..beat与win?辨析
?战争? 获胜，赢得??We beat them by the score of 2 to 1. 我们以2:1赢了他们。 ?win??奖杯、奖牌??Which team won the football match? 哪个对赢了那场足球赛？ ?比赛、游戏?
18.heavily adv 在很大程度上；大量地;猛烈地 heavy adj. 重的（反） light 形容雨雪下得大用heavily/hard
19. against 倚；碰；撞
(1)反对，反义词 for。若表强烈反对，一般用副词 strongly
Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? (2)位置，靠着、顶着、
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
20. at first 首先；最初
(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开始 【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】 (2) first of all 首先，第一 【表明陈述事情的重要性】
21. fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着
(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态
(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，强调进入睡眠的状态 (3)go to bed 上床睡觉，强调睡觉的动作
He went to bed at ten last night , but he didn’t go to sleep until . He only fell asleep for 5 hours. be asleep 强调睡着的状态 The baby is asleep fall asleep 强调入睡的动作 My father was so tired that he fell asleep quickly fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区别
(1) fall asleep连系动词+表语，入睡；睡着，指进入梦乡，往往含有不知不觉就睡着了的意思。asleep作表 语形容词。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮的敲门声。 (2)sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。
He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon. 他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。 (3) go to sleep入睡，睡着，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。
I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. 我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。 (4)get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。
She was too excited to get to sleep last night. 她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。 (5)go to bed 就寝，上床睡觉，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。
The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening. 我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床，晚上九点半睡觉。
22.die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 die down与die out
指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。
die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程； die out则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及die down用的普遍。 die down: 反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。 die out: 指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。
23.wake up (v+ adv) 醒来；睡醒
24.rise 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起 rise 升起；上升 主语自身移向较高位置 Price rose gradually raise 举起；提高 主语发出的动作作用于其他事物 Let’s raise our glasses to Tom. 25.过去分词做定语 fallen leaves 落叶
26.everywhere 处处，到处；各个地方 词条 含义 用法 例句 everywhere 处处；到处；可用于任何句式 We have many friends everywhere in the 各个地方 world somewhere 某个地方 多用于肯定句中 You can go somewhere you like to. anywhere 任何地方 否定句 You can’t go anywhere 疑问句 Can I go anywhere I choose 27. join 加入；参加
(1) join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。 join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 加入俱乐部 join in 后接活动名称
join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
(2) take part in 参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。
28.turn on 打开（反）turn off 关掉
29.get to 到达 get → got→ gotten v 得到 get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点
get on 上车 get up 起床 get used to 习惯于 get along with sb 与某人相处融洽 get together相聚
Section B.
1. happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）
(1) happen v 发生 没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性 a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
What happened to you?=What was wrong with him? b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
She happened ________(be) out when we called. (2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生
The sports meeting took place in our school last week. (3) It happened that…碰巧
2.realize v 意识到
(1) realize + n she didn’t realize her mistake.
(2) realize +从句 I didn’t realize that you were so unhappy. 3.over= more than 超过
4.make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上（当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to） I’ll make my way home now.
5.一段时间+ ago 之前，用于一般过去时
6.complete v 完成 adj. 完整的 →completely 彻底地；完全地
① I ____________( complete) believe in you now. I think you are honest in the matter. ② They ____________(complete) building the bridge late next year.
7. the rest of … 其余的，剩下的, 做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致。 The rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard.
8.silence n 沉默 → silent 沉默；缄默；无声
in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默