发布时间 : 星期六 文章2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨更新完毕开始阅读8576ce85f11dc281e53a580216fc700aba6852d2
[例1] I can send a message to Mary whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second. and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。
2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his, their等形容词性物主代词，或some, any, other(s), another等限定词。
[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help __33__ rice crop grow up quickly.
名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。
[例3] The little boy pulled ___33___ right hand out of the pocket … （his）
[例4] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.
因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。
3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。 [例5] … who should have the honour of receiving me 33 a guest in their house.
因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。
4、若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填
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连词。
[例6] …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多?波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。
[例7] …all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.
因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。
5、若两句(主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词。
[例8] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. 因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。
[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy…
因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。
6、若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词。
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[例10 ]What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another.
句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。
7、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。 [例12] …and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! 由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。
8)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。
[例14] …as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…
由句式结构可知，这是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。
[例15] Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。
(二)给出了动词的试题。
1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
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[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played
因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。
[例19] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away.
虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。
[例20] In Shanghai, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)
因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：
2、作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。 [例21] …but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。
[例22] __35__ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。
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