发布时间 : 星期一 文章2016年北京市东城区二模英语试题及答案（word版）更新完毕开始阅读8ff8a1decc175527072208e7
C
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, \logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.\
Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus. However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
63. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out? A. The category of food smells. B. The logical part of human brain. C. The nature of human olfactory system. D. The relationship between food and feelings. 64. Which of the following can help people concentrate? A. Bread. B. Fruits. C. Coffee. D. Fast food. 65. What do we know from the last paragraph? A. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells. B. Every person has a different pattern of genes. C. Different people are sensitive to different smells. D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out. 66. What is the passage mainly about? A. Logic and behaviour. B. Smell and its influence. C. Sense ability and food tastes. D. Olfactory genes and its system.
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D
Camaraderie over Competence
The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business Review, which has carried out an experiment to find out who we’d rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: brilliant at their jobs and delightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the authors found that, given the choice between working with lovable fools and competent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the former. Anyway, who likes those stupid men who annoy or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, but our behavior shows we stay close to the people we like and sharing information with them. What companies should therefore do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure staffs come across each other as often as possible during the day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and break down displeasure. However, more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The reality is that people either like each other or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices friendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a productivity cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely hopeless. I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so outstandingly bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it? By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that similarity is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. I think this is a pretty good idea, but no one dares recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group. There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.
Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to promote more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The trouble is that this needs to be done with some skill.
67. According to the research, which kind of colleagues would most people tend to choose?
A. Nice but unintelligent. B. Creative but unattractive. C. Competent but unfriendly. D. Humorous but unambitious. 68. The author talks about her experience to show that _______.
A. people respect outstanding leaders B. people tend to like optimistic workmates
C. a workmate’s working ability is important D. talkative workmates makes offices friendlier 69. Some people think that similar people working together may _______
A. offend each other B. create fewer new ideas C. talk more and work less D. be likely to stick together
70. To encourage workmates to like each other, companies could _________.
A. arrange the training course for workers to study together B. organize team-building activities outside the office C. encourage a diversity of opinions in workplace D. employ staff who have a lot in common
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第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Homework
Do arithmetic problems 15 through 25. State the different forms of the verbs on page 50 of your French workbook. Read pages 12 through 20 of the Shakespeare play, and don't forget to fill in the missing chemical symbols on the worksheet.
Sound like a list of your homework for the next few nights — or maybe even just for tonight? 71 It's your teachers' way of evaluating how much you understand what's going on in class. And it helps strengthen important concepts.
72 It's inviting to start with the easy things to get them out of the way. However, you'll have the most energy and focus when you begin, so it's best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging. Later, when you're more tired, you can focus on the simpler things. If you get stuck on a problem, try to figure it out as well as you can — but don't spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night. 73 But don’t pick someone whom you'll be up all night chatting with, or you'll never get it done!
Most people’s attention spans aren't very long, so take some breaks while doing your homework. Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often. Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people. 74
Once your homework is done, you can check over it if you have extra time. Be sure to put it safely away in your backpack — there's nothing worse than having a completed assignment that you can't find the next morning or that gets ruined by a careless brother or sister. 75 Now you're free to hang out.
A. Homework is a major part of going to school.
B. Luckily, you can do a few things to do less homework.
C. When you start your homework, deal with the hardest tasks first. D. But if you're really concentrating, wait until it's a good time to stop.
E. If you need to, ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for advice.
F. And no teacher still believes that \— even when it's true!
G. In conclusion, no one is expected to stay long, and people have very different learning styles.
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第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节（15分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，将于七月赴美国参加游学夏令营。请给你的寄宿家庭写一封邮件询问相关信息。
1. 每天去学校的交通方式；
2. 住宿的房间是否有网络；[来源:Z.xx.k.Com] 3. 其它想要咨询的信息。 注意：1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Black,
Yours, Li Hua
第二节（20分）
假如你是红星中学高三1班李华。寒假期间你和同学们参加了志愿者服务活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍你们去阳光福利院陪伴儿童的经历。
注意：词数不少于60。
This winter holiday my classmates and I went to the Sunshine Welfare House for voluntary work. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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