发布时间 : 星期三 文章高中英语语法讲解与练习 - 名词更新完毕开始阅读902bfa2c3169a4517723a379
二、名词
一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。
1) dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2) class, team, family, police
3) water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4) friendship, health, beauty, time
其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。
The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。
The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。
My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。 Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。
The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。
二、难点：名词的复数
情况 构成方法 读音 例词 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 一般情况 加-s 2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags 读 /z/ car-cars ce, se, ze, (d)gehouse-houses 加-s 读 /iz/ 结尾的词 face-faces bus-buses 以s, sh, ch, x 加-es 读 /iz/ watch-watches 结尾的词 box-boxes photo-photos 无生命的加-s piano-pianos zoo-zoos 以o结尾的词 读 /z/ tomato-tomatoes 有生命的加-es potato-potatoes hero-heroes baby-babies 以辅音字母+y变y为i 读 /z/ city-cities 结尾的词 再加-es monkey-monkeys leaf-leaves 以f, fe结尾的变f, fe为v knife-knives 词 再加-es 例外：roof-roofs
The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化：
man→men男人 woman→women女人 foot→feet脚 tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅 mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛 child→children儿童 单复数同形：
deer，sheep，fish，
Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词：
trousers裤子 goods货物 clothes衣物 glasses眼镜 scissors剪刀 people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。
glass 玻璃 玻璃杯
paper 纸 文件、试卷、报 重要提示：
1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。
例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√
2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。
如：三米长 three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。
三、不可数名词
不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如：
a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸
四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的
如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。
I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。 Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。
②只修饰可数名词复数的
如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。 There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many people at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
③只修饰不可数名词的 如a little(表示“少”，并非“小”)，a bit of，much，a great/good deal of，a great/large/small amount of等。
There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。 There is little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里没大有牛奶了。
There was so much food that we couldn’t eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。 ④既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有the，some，any，no，all，a large/small quantity of，other，half，one-third等。some在解释为 “某一”，any在解释为”任何”时也可修饰可数名词单数。this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，the other和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。 I have some books.我有一些书。
There is some water on the desk. 桌子上有些水。
五、名词的所有格
在英语中有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1）单数名词词尾加’s。
2）若名词已有复数词尾s，只加’，如：Teachers’ Day 教师节。复数名词如果词尾没有s，要加’s，如men’s room 男厕所，Children’s Day 儿童节。 3）所有格’s的形式一般都可以变成“名词+of +名词”的形式，如this song’s name可以变成name of this song。
4）人名+s表示某一家人。the Greens 格林一家 人名+s+’ 表示某一家人的住所。the Greens’ 格林的家
The Greens went to China this summer. 格林一家暑假去了中国。 I went to the Greens’ yesterday. 我昨天去了格林的家。 5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个’s，则表示“共有”。
如：John’s and Mary’s rooms（两间）John and Mary’s room（一间）
6）双重所有格。’s所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做”双重所有格”。
He is a friend of my brother’s.他是我弟弟的一位朋友。
I’m staying with a friend of mine.我打算和我的一位朋友住在一起。 I borrowed a necklace of yours.我借了你的一条项链。
1. All the have three .
A. hero; photo B. heros; photos C. heroes; photoes D. heroes; photos
2. A group of are eating and at the foot of the hill. A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs 3. All the are made of , not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glass; glasses D. glasses; glasses
4. —What did you see? —I saw police there.
A. many B. much C. little D. the 5. fish are there in that bowl ? A. How much B. How many C. Do you know how much D. What’s the number of 6. The come out to the farm. A. cow B. dog C. deer D. horse 7. is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes 10. are sold in the new store.
A. Man and child’s shoes B. Men’s and children’s shoes C. Men and children shoes D. Men’s and child’s shoes 12. Julie went to the to buy a pair of shoes .
A. shoes store B. shoe store C. shoe’s store D. shoes’ store 13. —What would you like to drink? —I’d like , please.
A. a coffee cup B. small coffee C. a little coffee D. a cup coffee 14.Biology is .
A. science of life B. science of the life C. the science of the life D. the science of life 15. I’ll give you to finish it.
A. two-weeks time B. two weeks time C. two weeks’ time D. two week’s time 16. —How far is the hospital? —About walk. A. five-minute B. five-minute’s C. five minutes’ D. five minutes 19. —“Whose hat is it?”—It’s hat. A. somebody else’s B. somebody else C. somebody’s else’s D. somebody’s else 20. Mike and John’s .
A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher 21. How many do you want?
A. bread B. breads C. piece of bread D. pieces of bread 22. Miss Smith is a friend of . A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother
23. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller . A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
24. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent(缺席的).
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were