发布时间 : 星期四 文章高中英语语法复习之特殊句式更新完毕开始阅读94c92358964bcf84b9d57bc0
谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was ? ,其余的时态用It is ? 。 5、not ? until ? 句型的强调句
句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not ? 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。 二、.使用倒装句进行强调 三、利用词语进行强调
(1)用very、good and、nice and、强调名词You are the very person for this job. (2)用right/just强调副词性词组I put that book right here a moment ago.
(3)用on earth、in the world、the hell 、置于疑问词后,表示“到底,究竟”以加强语气。 What on earth is the matter there?那里究竟发生了什么事? (4)用ever系列强调 This is the best ever!
Whatever you do, wherever you go, I will waiting for you .
(5)It is/ was ? that ? 结构不能强调谓语,需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊! 注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did ,没有别的形式;后面的谓语动词用原形。
D. 省略句
省略是为了使句子更简洁,同时又不影响句子意义的表达。 一、功能词的省略 1、冠词的省略
a) 两个并列的名词前面,第二个可以省略
注意:如果省去冠词会误会为一个人则不省略。 b) 家庭成员后面列举的可以省略
c) 表示独一无二的职位前,这个职业不具体指只是某个人前的冠词,比如总统,主席 2、介词的省略
have difficulty / problem / trouble+(in)+ving spend (in)+ving
there is no use / sense / point +(in)+ v-ing stop / prevent (from)+ v-ing be busy +(in)+ving end up +(by) +ving take turns (at ) +ving
have a good / great /fun /hard / time +(in)+ving
3、连词的省略:not (only)…but(also); that 定语从句,等 二、.句子成分的省略
1.可省略主语和谓语。
A word about your composition.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say...)
Though tired,he was not disheartened.他虽然累了,但没有泄气。(省略了he was...) 2.可省去从句。
You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before) 3.可用不定式to,省去前面提到的谓语动词。
Jack didn’t pass the driving test,but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass) 杰克没有通过驾驶证考试,但他仍希望能通过。
4.可用so,not省略前面提到的事,表肯定与否定。
—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗? —I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。 (即I don’t believe it’s going to rain)
5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如: only if,If only,what so ever, in case 三、句子的省略
1、特殊疑问句的省略。
Where to?去哪里?(=Where are you going to?)
What for?为什么?(例如:What do you come here for?你来这里干什么?) Why not do it?为什么不做那件事呢?(=Why don’t you do it?) How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么样? 2、比较从句中的省略 I love classic music more than (I like) rock and roll. He is no longer so shy as (he was) before. 3、在时间状语和条件状语从句中的省略 While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine. If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!” If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow. 4、在其他状语从句中的省略 I won’t go there unless (I am) invited. Things have turned out just as (they were) expected. How beautiful ( it is)! 5、在并列从句中的省略 The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too. The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. 6、命令和请求 No talking! Silent, everybody! 7、特定问题的回答 —Where have you been?—(I’ve been) Out. —Have you been waiting long?—(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour. 8、.简略的提问句 —Tom, go and water the flowers. —Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)? 四、习惯上的省略(没有意义)。
E. 插入语
插入语是为了使语言更具有说服力或者准确,相当于进一步补充说明。他们在结构上与基本局不发生一致、支配、附加等语法关系。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉之后,句子结构仍然完整。
插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结;有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子衔接得更紧密一些。
掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解,还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多,常见的如下几种:
一、形容词(短语)作插入语:
true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough
二、副词(短语)作插入语: indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather
三、介词短语作插入语:
in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief
四、V-ing(短语)作插入语:
generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering
五、不定式短语作插入语:
to be frank, to be honest, to be sure, to tell you the truth,
to make matters worse, to sum up, to start with, to begin with
六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句):
I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地说), that is ( to say )(也就是说), it seems (看来是), as I see it (照我看来), what's more, what's worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 严重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said (据说), as we all know (众所周知)
插入句独立性强,一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句,它一般
为倒装语序且无任何标点符号,而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。 ( 1 ) What should I do first?
What do you think I should do first?
(被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序,插入后成为陈述语序)
( 2 ) Who is singing?
Who do you think is singing?
(被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序,不需要做调整)
F 分隔句式
1.定语从句对主谓结构的分隔
The country life he was used to _____ greatly since the opening policy.
A. changed B. has changed C. changing D. having changed
分析:句中 he was used to 为定语从句,修饰先行词即主句的主语,而不能对其后的谓语起任何作用,因此整个句子缺少谓语动词,故答案为B.
2.定语从句对宾补结构的分隔。
Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again. A. repaired B. it repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
分析:该题考查have sth. done 结构。解此题的难点在于定语从句(that \\which) she had had repaired 把宾语与宾补分隔开来。that \\which 在从句中作宾语被省略了,repaired 作宾语补足语。所以选A.
3. 定语从句对宾语、定语或状语的分隔。
Can you tell me the way you thought of _____ the problem?
A. working at B. to work out C. to work for D. working out
分析:此题考查的是双层定语。即you thought of 为限制性定语从句,to work out the problem 为后置定语,这两部分都用来限制宾语the way .正确答案为B。
4. 定语从句对强调句的分隔
It is near the place ______ there is a bomb _____ we found the dead man.
A. where; where B. where ; that C. that ; where D. that; that
分析:该题考查的是含定语从句的强调结构。where there is bomb 是定语从句,故正确的答案为B。
5. 定语从句对独立结构的分隔。
With everything she needed ______ , she went home happily .
to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy
分析:该题考查with复合结构的用法,其中定语从句(that) she needed 的使用极容易造成错选。正确答案为C。