发布时间 : 星期二 文章(完整word版)高三英语现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去将来更新完毕开始阅读994a4b6c667d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373354
3.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。 如： I've only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。 They've been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。 The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。 练习: 用动词正确形式填空。 1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning. 4.Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. 3、过去完成时 一、基本概念 总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 二、构成 肯定句:主语＋助动词had ＋过去分词＋其他 否定句 had not ... 例如：I said I hadn't learnt Lesson 20 yet. 疑问句 Had....? 例如：Had you ever seen such an exciting match before? Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't. 三、语法判定 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： Before 10:00 yesterday, he had finished his homework. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或 完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。 She said she had seen the film 4 times. 四、用法 1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。 例如 ：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。） They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。） 1、过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 例如 ：He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here . By the time I got there, it had already finished. Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years ever since she was born. 3、叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 4、过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 5、状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如:when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导的 例如： ________________________________________________________. 我醒来时雨已停了。 6、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 五、其它句型 1. It was the first time that 从句中，从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he had seen so beautiful scenery。 2、.Hardly/scarcely....when 与no sooner than 引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时时， 主句就用过去完成时。 e.g： He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. He had no sooner arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 注：hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner 放在句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain 六、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较：I ___________________(learn) 1000 English words so far. I ________________(learn) 1000 English words till then. 七、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 练习：. 单项选择 1．He asked me ____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She _____lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I ___ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 4、过去将来时 一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形 二、过去将来时的用法： 1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock tomorrow. 2、表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。 例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。 巩固练习： 1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian _____to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come 2. —What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit