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中英文资料对照外文翻译
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DUAL FULL BRIDGE PROTECTED MOTOR DRIVER（A3976）
The A3976 is designed to drive both windings of a bipolar stepper motor or bidirectionally control two DC Motors. Both H-Bridges are capable of continuous output currents of up to +/- 500 mA and operating voltages to 30V. Free wheeling, substrate isolated diodes are
included for output transient suppression when switching motors or other inductive loads. For each bridge the PHASE input controls load current polarity by selecting the appropriate source and sink driver pair. The ENABLE input, when held high, enables the respective output H-bridge. When both ENABLE pins are held low the device will enter SLEEP mode and consume less than 100mA. The 3976 is protected to ensure safe operation in harsh
operating environments and was designed specifically for automotive applications. Protection circuitry will check for open or shorted load, motor lead short to ground or supply, VBB overvoltage, VCC undervoltage, and thermal shutdown. If any of these conditions are
detected the outputs will be disabled and fault information will be output to diagnostic pins FAULT1 and FAULT2. The 3976 is supplied in a choice of two power packages, a 16-lead plastic DIP with a copper batwing tab (suffix ‘B’), and a 24-lead plastic SOIC with a copper batwing tab (suffix ‘LB’). In both cases, the power tab is at ground potential and needs no electrical isolation. FEATURES （1） 30 V , ±500 mA Continuous Output Rating （2）35V Load Dump Survival
（3）Output Short Circuit Protection （4）Coded Fault Diagnostic Outputs （5）Low Current Standby Mode （6）Open Load Monitor
（7） Low Current Standby Mode （8） VBB Over Voltage Shutdown
（9） Internal Thermal Shutdown Circuitry
（10） Internal Low Parasitic Free Wheeling Diodes （11） Crossover Current Protection
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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS at TA = +25°C
Operating Supply Voltage, VBB .................... 30 V Non-Operating Supply Voltage..................... 35 V Output Current, IOUT ............................±500 mA* Logic Supply Voltage, VCC.......................... 7.0 V Fault Output Voltage ................................... 7.0 V Logic Input Voltage Range,
VIN.......................... -0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V Package Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C), PD A3976KLB..................................2.2 W A3976KB ....................................2.9 W Operating Temperature Range, TA ..............................-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature, TJ .........................+150°C Storage Temperature Range, TS...............................-55°C to +150°C
* Output current rating may be limited by duty cycle, ambient temperature, and heat sinking. Under any set of conditions, do not exceed the specified current rating or a
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junction temperature of 150°C. PART NUMBER PACKAGE A3976KLB 24 Lead SOIC A3973KB 16 Lead DIP R?JA 56?C/W 43?C/W R?JT 6?C/W 6?C/W
Input Logic PHASE ENABLE OUTA OUTB X 0 1 Fault Logic Fault Condition Thermal Shutdown 0 1 1 FAULT1 OFF LOW HIGH OFF HIGH LOW FAULT2 Short to Battery or Open Load Short to Ground Normal Operation LOW LOW HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH APPLICATION NOTES
Open Lead Protection. During normal PWM operation diagnostic circuitry will look for
a minimum source current level after a bridge is signalled on. Additionally, the diode flyback is monitored on the proper output. The logic will signal a fault and disable the outputs if it determines that the current is below the minimum level AND no flyback is occurring. If the inductive load is too large, the current would take too long to reach the minimal level and a
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false open load would be reported. It is recommended that the inductive load be less than 38mH.
Short Circuit Protection. Internal sense resistors in series with VBB and ground will
trip the fault circuitry if greater than 1.1A is detected. To prevent false overcurrent events due to reverse recovery spikes of the clamp diodes, the current monitor is blanked for 5us after a high side is signalled to turn on. If an additional input command follows after the initial fault, the selected pair of drivers will pulse on for the 5us blanking duration. The short circuit fault will remember the input state where the fault occurred and will wait for that particular logic state after the short has been removed before normal operation is allowed to resume.
Thermal Protection. Circuitry turns OFF all drivers when the junction temperature
reaches 170°C typically. It is intended only to protect the device from failures due to excessive junction temperatures and has a hysteresis of approximately 15°C.
Layout. The printed wiring board should use a heavy ground plane. For optimum electrical
and thermal performance, the driver should be soldered directly onto the board. The load supply pin, VBB, should be decoupled with an electrolytic capacitor (> 47 μF is recommended) placed as close to the device as possible
Enengy or Solar Enegry
Energy means the power which does work and drives machines. All living things (including humans) rely on the sun as a source of energy. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are energy sources available today because organisms in the past captured sunlight energy and stored it in the complex organic molecules that made up their bodies, which were then compressed and concentrated. With the development of society, a large of energy sources have been used,such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, geothermal energy, nuclear fission power, nuclear fusion power, solar energy, and Hydrogen gas. however, under the circumstances, the
quantity of energy source is limited. unlimited usage of energy source results in energy crisis. At present, most of the energy consumed by humans is produced from fossil fuels. The greatest recoverable fossil is in the form of coal and lignite. Although world coal resources are enomous and potentially can fill energy needs for a century or two, their utilization is limited by environmental disruption from mining and emissions of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. These would become intolerable long before coal resources were exhausted. Only a small percentage of coal and lignite has been utilized to date, whereas much of the
recoverable petroleum and natural gas has already been consumed. Petroleum has several characteristics that make it superior to coal as a source of energy. Its extraction causes less environmental damage than does coal mining. It is a more concentrated source of energy than coal, and it burns with less pollution, and it can be moved easily through pipes. These characteristics make it an ideal fuel for automobiles.
Since first commercial oil well in 1859, somewhat more than 100 million barrels of oil have been produced in the United States, most of it in recent years. In 1990 world petroleum
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