发布时间 : 星期四 文章研究生英语精读教程教师参考书（第三版上）-参考答案及授课详解更新完毕开始阅读9ea2554ea9956bec0975f46527d3240c8447a139
habit has long-term negative consequences, but it still gives immediate comfort. Once formed, it seems to stick to you, no matter how hard you
try to shake it off. For example, we have all heard of stories of determined individuals trying to give up smoking, but after strenuously resisting all temptations for months, only to find themselves reverting to cigarettes again on the threshold of success.
So swearing off a bad habit is only half the battle; staying off requires good planning. To permanently rid yourself of a bad habit, whether it is smoking, drinking, gambling or overeating, you have to simultaneously unlearn certain behaviours and replace them with new ones that also
provide gratification. If you smoke because cigarettes give you something to do with your hands, learn to play a music instrument instead. With a strong will-power and good strategy, you can surely break any bad habit.
Unit One Exercise B
Ⅰ. 1. fore 2. fasteners 3. elderly
4. poster 5. fable 6. guy
7. hoses 8. elevation 9. historic
10. efficiency 11. effectiveness 12. imaginative 13. grocery, grocery 14. relativity 15. historical
Ⅱ. 1. call 2. belongs to
3. exemplified (exemplifies) 4. freshened (freshen) up 5. were carried off 6. burned up 7. be carried through 8. to quit 9. fled 10. change, accommodate
11. gazing at 12. was (will be, has been) brought into
13. to escape, was frustrated 14. will prosecute (prosecuted), polluting 15. integrated, to facilitate
Ⅲ. 1. (discontent) with 2. (detached) from
3. (hesitate) about 4. (deviation) from 5. (exposure) to 6. before, (putting) to 7. (fantasies) about 8. (full) of, of
9. (hostility) towards, by 10. in (gratitude) for 11. Without, (pretensions) to 12. (hiked out) to 13. with (exclamation) at 14. (proportional) to 15. without (discrimination) as to
Exercise C
Ⅰ. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. in/into
6. For example: inactive, inadequate, incapable, invisible, insane, insincere, inconvenient.
7. Yes. Showing or suggesting.
8. No; it is derived from Latin color.
9. For example: co-worker, co-authors, copilot.
Ⅱ. 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. A
6. J 7. H 8. I 9. F 10. G 10
研究生英语精读教程
教师参考书（第三版/上）
?Supplementary Reading
Ⅰ. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. D
Ⅱ. 1. 如果这些想法意味着黑暗和毁灭，那你就会走进黑暗和被毁灭，因为贬
低的话语会摧毁你的信心，而不会鼓励你、支持你。
2. 苏的理疗医生在初诊时告诉她，草草记录下她的思想活动，特别是夜里 她不能入睡时的思想情况。
3. 温森特和他的父亲感情很好，但父亲很溺爱他，灌输他满脑子的烦心事。 4. 如果你害怕坐飞机，那么在飞机起飞或降落时，你就聚精会神地观看机 场附近的灯光和道路吧。
5. 应该养成一个习惯，即记住自己最美好的时刻，也就是记住你想做的那 种人。 11
Unit Two 2 ?Text:
Cancer & Chemicals
—Are we going too far?
Marla Cone Language Points
1. Para. [8]: It struck him that no one knew ...
“It struck sb. that ... ”is a sentence pattern, meaning “He had impression that ...”.
It struck me that he was not telling the truth. 我的印象是他没说真话。 2. Para. [15]: Some people assume Ames is a stooge for the chemical industry, which he is not.
“Which” is a relative pronoun referring to the predicative in the subordinate clause.
He is a hard-working student, which indeed he is. 他是一个勤奋的学生，实 际上他确实如此。
Sometimes “which” can also refer to the whole idea of the predicate of the
main clause.
He can write a letter in French, which I cannot. 他能用法文写信，而我不能。
Word Study
1. assume v.
(1) take as a fact or as true without proof; suppose 假定 12
研究生英语精读教程
教师参考书（第三版/上）
① Scientists assume that there is no animal life on Mars. ② That’s what we assume, but it is not easy to prove. ③ Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (2) begin to use or perform, take upon oneself 开始承担，执行 ① You will assume your new duties tomorrow. ② The prince assumed power when he was only fifteen. (3) pretend to have or be 假装 ① He assumed a look of surprise. ② He assumes a well-informed manner, but in fact knows very little. assumption n.
(1) sth. that is taken as a fact or as true without proof 假定，假设 ① His assumption proved to be wrong. ② They rented the old house on the assumption that the landlord would paint it. (2) the act of beginning to use or perform; of pretending to have or be 采用， 承担；假装
① The new governor’s assumption of office will take place next Tuesday. ② He did it with an assumption of indifference. 2. distract v. take (a person, a person’s mind) off sth. 使分心，转移 ( 注意) ① Don’t distract my attention. ② Noise distracted the writer from his work. 3. obligate v.
(1) make (sb.) feel it necessary (to do sth.) 使担负( 法律上或道义上的) 义务
He felt obligated to take care of his old parents. (2) make (sb.) feel thankful 使感激
Tom felt obligated to them for their kindness towards him. 4. ingredient n. a particular one of a mixture of things ( 混合物的) 成分 ① Flour and fat are the most important ingredients. ② Imagination and hard work are the ingredients of success. Unit Two 13
参 考 译 文
癌症和化学物质
——我们走得太远了吗？
马拉·科恩
[1] 去年，加利福尼亚州州长乔治·德克梅吉恩召集本州许多优秀的科学家 开会，开始执行第 65 号提案，即州饮水安全和有毒物执行法案。这一新法令禁 止各工业部门向水源中排放被怀疑致癌或引起先天缺陷的化学物质。有些人宣 称，新法律还要求在一切可能致癌的物品上贴上警告标签。
[2] 原来预计，开会那天全是些玄妙的科学和难懂的术语，但加州大学伯克 利分校生物化学系系主任布鲁斯·爱姆兹却计划使会议开得更有生气。 [3] 当爱姆兹走入会议室时，他看上去完全是一个典型的科学家形象：金丝 边双光眼镜、皱巴巴的西服、蓬乱的头发，而菜色的面庞显示，他总是在实验室 而很少享受加州的阳光。当某人振振有词地大谈致癌机理时，爱姆兹开始打断他， 谈起自己的观点。
[4] “ 整个世界都充满了致癌物，” 爱姆兹宣称。“ 啤酒中有十亿分之七百的 甲醛和百分之五的乙醇，比水中的任何物质都要危险1 000 倍。如果你呼出的气 息中有啤酒味，那是否意味着你必须向你周围10 英尺以内的所有人发出警告?” [5] 在大肆宣传最新癌症恐怖的时代里，爱姆兹带来了不同的信息：大多数 人造致癌物的含量一般来说都很低。与天然致癌物含量相比其危险微乎其微。 [6] 爱姆兹不是个冒充内行的人。他 59 岁，是全国最受人尊敬的研究致癌 问题的权威之一。他的简历中尽是各种荣誉，包括通用汽车癌症研究基金会颁发 的查尔斯·莫特奖 (这是癌症研究中最富声誉的嘉奖之一)。他还是国家科学院 的院士。甚至他的批评者们也承认，爱姆兹试验是一项突出的成就。这种试验是 在实验室里进行的一种简单廉价的操作方法，它有助于检测一种物质是否能引起 癌症。
[7] 但是爱姆兹藐视一切貌似神圣不可冒犯的东西。他投身于环境保护运
动，有些人把这一运动称为 20 世纪唯一最重要的运动。例如，1987 年 4 月，他 和两位同事雷纳·玛格和洛伊丝·斯沃斯德·戈尔德，在《科学》杂志上发表了 14
研究生英语精读教程
教师参考书（第三版/上）
一篇报告，列举了各种各样可能引起癌症的危险。以将近 1 000 种化学物质做的 动物试验所得到的数据表明，每日所消耗的普通花生酱三明治中含有的微量黄曲 霉素(花生中天然存在的一种霉菌致癌物)比我们每日从食物中摄取 DDT 的危险 大 100 倍。一杯硅谷最受污染的井水比一杯葡萄酒或啤酒致癌的危险要小 1 000 倍。他并不是建议人们停止消费花生酱、葡萄酒和啤酒。他所说的是，大多数人 造致癌物的危险比起日常天然物的致癌危险是微不足道的。现在不清楚它们中有 多少有真正的危险。这两种危险都转移了人们对于诸如烟草之类的巨大危险的注 意力。
[8] 爱姆兹的癌症研究是25 年前因为一袋炸薯条而开始的。当时他在马里
兰全国健康研究所从事研究工作。在看到袋上列出的成分时，他觉得还没有人知 道每种化学物质对人的基因有什么影响，要了解这些是不容易的。
[9] 那时，科学家为了测试致癌性，不得不在老鼠身上做耗时费钱的实验室 试验。细菌对引起突变的物质很敏感，而致癌物很可能就是引起突变的物质。爱 姆兹凭借这些知识，研究出了一种利用细菌检测致癌性的试验。爱姆兹试验被公 认是一项主要的科学成果。现在在世界上已被广泛应用。
[10] 1974 年的一天，当时在伯克利任教的爱姆兹建议一些学生对各种各样