发布时间 : 星期一 文章2018年高考英语大一轮复习：第1部分 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists 练案 含解析更新完毕开始阅读a147ca1c32d4b14e852458fb770bf78a64293acc
第一部分 必修五 Unit 1
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·青岛市二模)导学号 42492471
Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact.The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength.This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa.They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”
“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process.The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”
Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”
“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists' skills to close this knowledge gap.”
Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”
文章大意：本文是医疗科研报告。文章主要讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究进展情况，该病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制该病的疫情。
1．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us？__C__ A．How severe Ebola virus is. B．How Ebola virus spreads.
C．How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D．What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
解析：主旨大意题。A项埃博拉病毒有多严重；B项埃博拉病毒是如何传播的；C项埃博拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的贡献。根据题干关键词the first paragraph。通读第一段，并根据第一句话Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。故选C。
2．Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage？__B__ A．In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.
B．As the virus spreads, it'll change and become more and more deadly. C．The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses. D．The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe中的关键词initially可知A是错误的；根据文章的倒数第二段“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists' skills to close this knowledge gap.”排除C；根据文章最后三段可排除D；根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe可知选B。
3．The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to __B__. A．optimistic C．common
B．deadly D．fantastic
解析：词义猜测题。optimistic乐观的；deadly致命的；common常见的；fantastic奇异的。根据文章第四段的The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies和该段的the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus可知埃博拉病毒变得更加致命。由此推断fatal是致命的。故选B。
4．Where can we probably read this passage？__A__ A．In a science report. C．In an advertisement.
B．In a storybook. D．In a textbook.
解析：细节理解题。In a science report在科技报告上；In a storybook在故事书中；In an advertisement在一个广告中；In a textbook在课本中。通读全文，并根据文章介绍埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选A。
B
(2017·临沂市一模)导学号 42492472
Drive through any suburb in the U．S.today，and it's hard to miss the bins that have become companions to America's trash cans.Recycling has become commonplace，as people recognize the
need to care for the environment.Yet most people's recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles，and cans.People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.
E-waste rapidly increases as the techno-fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices，and the majority of them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)．Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs，VCRs，computers，cell phones，and other electronics every year.Unless we can find a safe replacement，this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins(毒素)，such as lead，mercury, and arsenic.Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air. However，e-waste often contains reusable silver，gold，and other electrical materials.Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals，which can destroy ecosystems.
A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping(倾倒)e-waste.Still，less than a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs.Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries，where it still ends up in landfills.These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out-of-sight，out-of-mind location.
However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e-waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.
文章大意：电子垃圾问题应该引起重视。
5．What can we infer from the first paragraph？__A__ A．Many Americans now have access to recycling bins. B．E-waste cannot be put into trash cans in the U．S. C．Most Americans have realized the dangers of e-waste. D．Most of America's trash cans are made of recycled material. 解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句话可推知，许多美国人。
6．What can best replace the underlined word“contaminates”in Paragraph 2？__A__ A．Pollutes. C．Absorbs.
B．Heats. D．Reduces.
解析：猜测词义题。燃烧垃圾严重污染空气。
7．How does the author feel about burying e-waste in landfills？__B__ A．It's important. C．It's acceptable.
B．It's unsafe. D．It's uncommon.
解析：细节理解题。由第二段第三句话“Unless we can find a safe replacement this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water...”可推知，作者认为填埋电子垃圾是不安全的。
8．What's the author's purpose in writing this text？__D__ A．To tell us how to recycle e-waste. B．To talk about the future of e-waste.
C．To discuss if it's necessary to recycle e-waste. D．To encourage us to deal with e-waste properly. 解析：推理判断题。由文章大意可知。 Ⅱ.语法填空导学号 42492473
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017·甘肃省部分普通高中第一次联考)
The truth __1.that__ trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food, wood and most __2.importantly__(important), oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—blocking out harmful bacteria from water.
The discovery __3.was_made__(make) by a team __4.consisting__(consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students __5.who/that__ were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have __6.access__(accessible) to modern water filter systems. The __7.researchers__(research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.
They began by cutting 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the wood's filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through.__8.To__ their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.__9.Encouraged__(encourage), the team conducted __10.another__ experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.
文章大意：树木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它们能去除水中的细菌。 1．命题立意：考查同位语从句。
解析：此处是同位语从句，又因为从句中不缺少成分，故选用从属连词that。 2．命题立意：考查形容词和副词的转换。
解析：此处most importantly是在修饰谓语动词provide，故用副词。句意为“他们为我们提供了食物和木头，更重要的是提供了氧气”。
3．命题立意：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。
解析：此处指上文中的新发现是由一个被几个科学家组成的队伍做出的，the discovery和make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。由本句话可知，用一般过去时。
4．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。
解析：此处是现在分词短语“consisting of scientists”作后置定语，修饰team。因为被修饰词team和consist之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。