发布时间 : 星期二 文章2013年考研英语专题：难句突破与作文更新完毕开始阅读a242e558ad02de80d4d84015
factories又带有一个定语从句that were springing up；that would keep them alive做work的定语从句。spring up意为发生，出现，建立。 参考译文于是就出现了这样的情况：正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者携家带口，被迫溜入城市；他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不讲什么条件，只要不使他们饿死就行。
经典例题486 As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
结构分析：句子的框架是…we have come to believe that…。that引导的从句做believe的宾语从句；此从句中有一个that从句作the sense的同位语从句；同位语从句中又套嵌一个由when引导的时间状语从句；此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句that endure，修饰其先行词discoveries.by way of意为经由，通过…方法；reward sb.with意为以…报答，酬劳；endure此处应译为持久，持续，不要译为忍受，容忍。
参考译文由于两三个世纪以来科学研究的结果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是可以认识的。
经典例题487 These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析：句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details…。后面紧跟省略了if引导的虚拟条件句were it not for the fact that…，即if it were not for the fact that…；that从句作the fact的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修饰其先行词the stage；required for reliable weather forecasting为过去分词短语修饰the kind of measurements.simply译为只不过，仅仅，不应译为简单地。
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参考译文理论上的认识已达到了这样的阶段———现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气，如果做不到这一点，那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。
经典例题488 The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has many different versions，of which the following is one. 结构分析：句子的框架是The story…has many different versions…。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes为名词性从句做介词of的宾语。namely that a solid body…作the principle of Archimedes的同位语；when immersed in a liquid是省略了主语的过去分词短语，句子补充完整为when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修饰其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid…；it displaces是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰the liquid，it代指前面提到的the solid body；同时，of which the following is one又构成先行词versions的定语从句。displace意为排（水）；version不译为版本，此处指根据个人观点的（对事件等的）说，看法；句尾的one代指a version.
参考译文当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事有很多说法，下面的故事就是其中之一。
经典例题489 We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten_millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.
结构分析：句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。that引导宾语从句。此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction；so that the attraction between molecules…是so that结构引导的结果状语从句；在此状语从句中，除主干结构the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few ten_ millionths of a millimeter apart做定语从句修饰先行词molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做状语从句，修饰…but became considerable.considerable译为相当大（或多的）。
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参考译文我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相当大。
经典例题490This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that we must，for the benefit of coming generations，leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
结构分析：句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development…。其后紧跟着一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sustainable development.此定语从句的谓语动词means又套嵌一个that引导的宾语从句，即we must…leave enough environmental space.此宾语从句中又有so that结构做此从句的目的状语。be enshrined in意为被深深地珍藏（或铭记）在…，此处转译为主动态纳入到。sustainable development译为可持续发展。
参考译文这一需要能纳入到可持续发展的概念之中。所谓可持续发展是指：为了子孙后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。
经典例题491 Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view，thus supplying movements in space and time.
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结构分析：句子的框架是Painting lacks only the means…，since…。since引导的原因状语从句修饰主句；关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰the means to represent movement in time and space；property在此处应译为性质，特性，不译为财产，资产。
参考译文绘画仅仅缺少的是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。一幅画在绘制时就只要求在某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建筑的创造要求从各个角度来欣赏，这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。
经典例题492 Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.
结构分析：句子的框架是these women have…given voice…to what they know from experience that…。that从句做what they know的同位语从句；此从句中又套嵌一个unless引导的条件状语从句；Once intimidated by arguments是过去分词做状语修饰these women，其施动者arguments又有两个that引导的同位语从句修饰限定它。intimidated by arguments意为被论点搞得惊慌害怕；feel at home不能直译为感到在家，而译为感到自在；give voice to意为表达，表露；land jobs译为找到工作。
参考译文有人说，孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。从她们自身的经验中，
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