发布时间 : 星期日 文章江苏省常州市2017届高三期末英语试卷 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读a3bcd6cfd4bbfd0a79563c1ec5da50e2524dd1d7
35-kilometer distance. During the clinical trial, she'd been given all her antiretroviral drugs, and her transportation costs had been covered by the research funds. All of these ended once the trial was completed, leaving Celine with no choices. She was unable to tell me the names of the drugs she'd received during the trial, or even what the trial had been about. Yet what puzzled me most was Celine had given her informed consent(同意) to be a part of this trial, yet she clearly did not understand the implications of being a participant or what would happen to her once the trial had been completed.
I do not stand here today to suggest in any way that conducting HIV clinical trials in developing countries are bad. On the contrary, they are extremely useful tools, and are much needed to address the burden of disease in developing countries. However, without an effective system for reviewing the ethical suitability of them, these clinical trials may be of great problem.
In order for a clinical trial to produce valid and widely applicable results, they need to be conducted with large numbers of study participants and preferably on a population with a high rate of new HIV infections. Sub-Saharan Africa largely fits this description, with 22 million people living with HIV, an estimated 70 percent of the 30 million people who are infected worldwide. Also, research within the continent is a lot easier to conduct due to widespread poverty and inadequate health care systems. A clinical trial that is considered to be potentially beneficial to the population is more likely to be authorized, and in the absence of good health care systems, almost any offer of medical assistance is accepted as better than nothing.
The high occurrence of HIV drives researchers to conduct research scientifically acceptable but on many levels ethically questionable. To ensure that, in our search for the cure, we do not take an unfair advantage of those who are already most affected becomes the most urgent as a matter of fact.
61. From the first paragraph, we know that Celine participated in the clinical trial __________.
A. against her will C. due to her poverty
A. political
B. at her personal expense for it D. without a basic knowledge of it
C. academic
C. physical
62. Developing countries are so attractive to HIV clinical trials due to ___________ reasons.
B. educational
B. moral
D. charitable D. social
63. What does the underlined word “ethical” most probably mean?
A. psychological
64. What might the following paragraph(s) after the last most probably talk about?
A. The solutions to guarantee the ethic of HIV clinical trials in developing countries. B. The steps of conducting research to find the cure for AIDS in developing countries. C. The efforts that should be made by the developing countries for ethical suitability. D. The measures to protect people in developing countries from being affected by AIDS.
高三英语 第9页（共17页）
D
The domestic cat is a contradiction. No other animal has developed such a close relationship with human, while at the same time demanding and getting such self-determining movement and action. The cat manages to remain a tame(驯化的) animal because of the process of its upbringing. By living both with other cats (its mother and brother and sisters) and with human (the family that has adopted it) during its babyhood, it is considered to belong to both species. It is like a child that grows up in a foreign country and as a consequence becomes bilingual(双语的). The young cat becomes bimental. It may be a cat physically but mentally it is both feline(猫科的) and human. Once it is fully adult, however, most of its responses are feline ones, and it has only one major reaction to its human owners. It treats them as pseudo(假的) parents.
This is rather different from the kind of bond that develops between human and dog. The dog sees its human owners as pseudo parents, as does the cat. On that score the process of attachment is similar. But the dog has an additional link. Canine(犬科的) society is group-organized; feline society is not. Dogs live in packs with tightly controlled status relationships among the individuals. There are top dogs, middle dogs, and bottom dogs and under natural circumstances they move around together, watching and following one another the whole time. So the adult pet dog sees its human family both as pseudo parents and as the dominant(主宰的) members of the pack, hence its well-known reputation for obedience and loyalty. Cats do have a complex social organization, but they never hunt in packs. In the wild, most of their day is spent in individual stalking(潜行追踪). Going for a walk with a human, therefore, has no appeal for them. And as for “coming to heel” and learning to “sit” and “stay,” they are simply not interested. Such drills have no meaning for them. Because of this difference between domestic cats and domestic dogs, cat-lovers tend to be rather different from dog-lovers. As a rule cat-lover have a stronger personality bias(偏向) toward working alone, away from larger group. Artists like cats; soldiers like dogs. The highly-praised “group loyalty” phenomenon can?t be seen in both cats and cat-lovers. If you are a company person, a member of the gang, or a person picked for the military team, the chances are that at home there is no cat curled up in front of the fire. The ambitious politician, the professional athlete, these are not typical cat-owners. It is hard to picture football players with cats in their laps—much easier to imagine them taking their dogs for walks.
Those who have studied cat-owners and dog-owners as two distinct groups report that there is also a gender bias. The majority of cat-lovers are female. This bias is not surprising in view of the division of labor obvious in the development of human societies. Prehistoric males became specialized as group-hunters, while the females concentrated on food-gathering and childbearing. This difference contributed to a human male “pack mentality” that is far less marked in females.
高三英语 第10页（共17页）
Wolves, the wild ancestors of domestic dogs, also became pack-hunters, so the modern dog has much more in common with the human male than with the human female.
The argument will always go on—feline self-sufficiency and individualism against canine camaraderie(同志之情) and good-fellowship. But it is important to stress that in making a valid point I have caricatured(凸显) the two positions. In reality there are many people who enjoy equally the company of both cats and dogs. And all of us, or nearly all of us, have both feline and canine elements in our personalities. We have moods when we want to be alone and thoughtful, and other times when we wish to be in the center of a crowded, noisy room. 65. The primary purpose of the passage is to __________________________________.
A. advocate dogs as making better pets than cats B. distinguish the different characteristics of dogs and cats
C. show the poor nature of dogs because of their loyalty characteristics D. emphasize the role that human plays in the personalities of domestic pets
66. According to the passage, the domestic cat is a contradiction because __________________.
A. it possesses the physical characteristics of both feline and human B. it can?t be tamed and will always keep its wild habits
C. it refuses to be dominated despite living comfortably with human D. although it plays the part of a pet, it really dominates human beings
67. The underlined sentences in the second paragraph are used to stress _________________. A. the disharmonious relationship between cats and human beings B. a difference between cats and dogs that emphasizes cats? nature C. the ignorance of dogs, which makes them more loyal pets
D. the laziness of cats that keeps them from being pack animals A. less dependent
B. less creative
C. more successful
D. more out-going
68. The author suggests in the third paragraph that cat-lovers are ___________ than dog-lovers. 69. The fourth paragraph indicates that human females ______________________________. A. preferred to raise domestic dogs to help with food-gathering B. developed independent roles that required less group behavior C. had to gather food because they were not strong enough to hunt D. were negatively affected by the division of labor of human societies
70. The underlined four sentences in the last paragraph provide ________________________. A. a summary of the points made earlier B. a reason for the statements made earlier C. an adjustment of the position taken earlier D. an example of the main points made earlier
高三英语 第11页（共17页）
第二卷 （非选择题，共35分）
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Feet of Clay
In 604 BC, the second year of his reign, Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar had a dream which left his spirit no rest and robbed him of his sleep. So he ordered that wise men of Babylon be called to interpret the dream for him.
They answered the king, “O king, live forever, tell to your servants your dream, and we will declare the interpretation.” The king said, “The thing is gone out of my mind. Unless you tell me the dream, and the meaning of it, you shall be put to death. But if you tell the dream, and the meaning of it, you shall receive of me rewards, and gifts, and great honour.”
Unluckily no one could fulfill the task. Hearing this, the king was in great anger, and commanded all the wise men of Babylon be put to death.
When Arioch, to whom the king had given orders to destroy the wise men of Babylon, told the matter to the Prophet(先知) Daniel, he immediately went in to the king and begged for the time to resolve the question.
After some mysterious praying, Daniel went to Arioch and said, “Destroy not the wise men of Babylon, bring me in before the king, and I will tell the solution to the king.”
The king said to Daniel, “Can you really tell me the dream that I saw, and the interpretation of it?” Daniel replied, “The secret that the king desires to know, none of the wise men, or the philosophers, can declare to the king. But there is a God in heaven that reveals mysteries, and He wants you to know what is going to happen”. “To me also,” Daniel added, “this secret is revealed, so I can reveal your dream.”
Then Daniel began, “You, O king, saw a great statue: this statue, which was great and high, stood before you, and the look was terrible. The head of this statue was of fine gold, but the breast and the arms of silver, and the belly and the thighs of brass(黄铜): And the legs of iron, the feet part of iron and part of clay. Then suddenly you saw a stone was cut out of a mountain without hands, and it struck the statue upon the feet that were of iron and of clay, and broke them in pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold broken to pieces together, and they were carried away by the wind. There was no place found for them, but the stone that struck the statue became a great mountain and filled the whole earth.”
“This is the dream. We will also tell the interpretation to you.” He continued, “You are a king of kings, and the God of heaven has given you a kingdom. But as you dreamt, the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken.
高三英语 第12页（共17页）