发布时间 : 星期三 文章consider和judge的分词状语用法更新完毕开始阅读a4e839fdc8d376eeaeaa31db
consider和judge的分词状语用法
consider和judge的分词状语用法
动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，不管用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如： 1）Not knowing his address or telephone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him. 2）Properly trained, Prince will make a good guide dog for the blind.
但是也有分词的逻辑主语与句子的实际主语不一致的情况，如：
3）Generally speaking, girl students are better than boy students in language learning. 4）Seeing he is still young, the salary is not a bad one.
例3与例4的分词短语用法已得到公认，它们表达了说话人的看法，语法上称之为评述性状语。然而动词consider和judge的分词短语既可以像例1和例2那样用作非评述性状语，也可以像例3和例4那样用作评述性状语。如：
5）Considering his age, he is not fit for the job.
6）Considered the best detective, he was sent to track down the assassin.
7）Judging from past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams. 8）Judged unpractical, the plan was abandoned.
可以看出例5和例7是评述性状语，例6和例8则属于分词短语作状语的一般性用法，分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
由于以上情况，许多同学不知何时用consider和judge的现在分词形式，何时用它们的过去分词形式。那么如何辨识这两种情况呢？
这可以从两方面考虑。第一，评述性状语表示的是说话人的看法，非评述性状语是对句子主语的描述。如果句意是“考虑到??”或“从??来看”，那这是评述性状语；如果句意是“XX被看作??”，或“XX被判为??”，那这是非评述性状语。
其次是要了解这两个单词的组句形式并记住它们。
Consider的组句形式为：
A）consider sth./doing sth./that（其后为宾语，通常是名词，动名词或从句)
B）consider sb./sth. as to be adj.（其后为sb/sth加宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常是as＋n.,to be+adj.或直接跟形容词、分词。如果as被省略，也可以跟名词）
Judge的组句形式为：
A）judge sth./that from sth./by sth.（其后是名词或that从句作宾语，或by/from短语） B)judge sb.to be adj.（其后为sb加宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常是形容词、分词或不定式）因此，选择题空格后出现的是A组里所列的情况，那就是评述性状语；如果选择题空格后出现的是B组里所列的情况，那就是非评述性状语。
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注意：如果句首那部分是非评述性状语，而逻辑主语与consider/judge的关系是主动的，应用现在分词形式。
下面考考你，看你是否已经掌握了这一点。
1.____from his accent, he must be from Australia. A. Judging B. Judged 2.____innocent,he was set free. A. Judging B. Judged
3.____the state of mind she was in, she’d better stay at home. A. Considering B. Considered 4.____most useful, English is studied by millions of people in the world. A. Considering B. Considered
5._____its after to go away than to stay, he left the room. A. Judging B. Judged
6._____to be the symbol of the nation, the Great Wall has been well preserved. A. Considering B. Considered
答案是ABABAB，你做对了吗？
(注：1、3两题是评述性状语，其它4题是非评述性状语。第5题中的主语与judge的关系是主动的，因此也用现在分词。)
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