发布时间 : 星期二 文章上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语一模更新完毕开始阅读b35bdadefac75fbfc77da26925c52cc58bd69029
_______ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces withdrew in defeat.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. inadequate G. raising B. repeatedly H. eliminate C. process D. achieve I. characterized J. immediate E. directed K. mechanism F. reactions The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.
Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.
Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent (41) _______ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was (42) _______ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are
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set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to (43) _______ daylight.
Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it (44) _______ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the (45) _______, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.
In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were (46) _______ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce (47) _______ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory（义务） to (48) _______ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. (49) _______, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.
The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and (50) _______ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised（制定） five time (51) _______ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.
President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state (52) _______ its own DST, which proved to be (53) _______ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo（禁运） and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon (54) _______ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was (55) _______ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).
41. A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular 42. A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed 43. A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal 44. A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively 45. A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist 46. A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed 47. A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted 48. A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend 49. A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically 50. A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe 51. A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories 52. A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted
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53. A. pleasing 54. A. extended 55. A. assembled B. confusing B. afforded B. combined C. convincing C. abandoned C. abused
D. comforting D. defended D. modified
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved（运转） around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil；if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.
One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal（凡人） whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury（狂怒）, Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne.
Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.
56. Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______
A. the violent conditions of life. B. the problems man encounters. C. the evil goddess who has a golden apple. D. the murderer of generations.
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57. Zeus married Thetis off because _______
A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.
B. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her. C. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her.
D. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.
58. Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______
A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.
B. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years. C. he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god. D. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else. 59. What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?
A. Do not consider a mixed marriage. B. Do not anger the gods.
C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life. D. Do not take myths seriously.
B
The National Storytelling Youth Olympics is an event where thousands of kids from grades 6 to 12 compete against each other by telling stories. It is sponsored by the Master’s Degree Program in Reading and Storytelling at East Tennessee State University. The sole purpose of this event is to promote and encourage both the art and science of storytelling among middle school and high school students. Although this event is competitive, its underlying intent and goal is to provide students across the nation with a reason to practice numerous noncompetitive skills.
Those skills include skillful sportsmanship , responsible behavior, and an attitude of respect for others and the storytelling genre. The eventual goal of the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is to encourage every classroom in America to discover (or rediscover) the beauty of storytelling and story performance.
The National Storytelling Youth Olympics takes place usually around the first weekend in March. Students from all over the country arrive by bus, plane, or automobile in Johnson City, Tennessee. They usually arrive on Thursday or Friday. Those that arrive on Thursday take advantage of their early arrival by telling stories at local schools. On Friday, an evening meal is prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents. Games are played, stories are told, and lifetime friendships begin. Saturday is the day of the big event. A luncheon（午餐会） is held in the afternoon so contestants can familiarize themselves with the surroundings and do a sound check.
The event is divided into three categories separated by grades. Contestants are judged not only by their storytelling performance, but also by the attitude and behavior they display during the entire weekend. A winner is picked from each of the three categories; however, there is an overall winner who is granted the name of Grand Torch Bearer. This person is selected not only by the judges, but also by the contestants. After the winners have been announced, the contestants retreat back to their hotel where a celebratory ice cream party is held; and believe it or not, they tell more stories! This is what the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is all about: developing a love for the art of storytelling.
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