发布时间 : 星期一 文章上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语一模更新完毕开始阅读b35bdadefac75fbfc77da26925c52cc58bd69029
56. Which of the following sets of words best describes the Grand Torch Bearer?
A. competitive, ambitious, talented B. respectful, responsible, skilled C. athletic, determined, creative D. imaginative, individualistic, pessimistic
57. Why would someone MOST LIKELY choose to attend the National Storytelling Youth Olympics? A. To refine storytelling skills while meeting new friends.
B. To compete fiercely with the best storytellers in the country. C. To earn money and fame.
D. To develop one’s personal skill in lecture only. 58. When is dinner prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents?
A. Wednesday. B. Friday. C. Thursday.
C
Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of.
Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.
Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic（全面的）, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.
Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits,
D. Saturday.
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unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.
During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.
During the Renaissance（文艺复兴）, the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.
59. Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?
A. It is the practical applications of the real world. B. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood. C. It is irrelevant for education. D. It is not practically applicable.
60. What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?
A. Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that students need to be constantly questioned.
B. Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning. C. There was no difference.
D. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasized upon science.
61. According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something
_____________
A. that is unnecessary. B. that is of ceaseless importance. C. that is abstract and theoretical. D. that exists no more.
62. Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?
A. Facts are not important.
B. Facts do not lead to holistic education. C. Facts change with the changing times.
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D. Facts are frozen in time.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. These questions may well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing. B. The introduction should function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds his attention. C. It is a formal skill, which requires precision and accuracy, and is perfected by continuous and dedicated practice. D. If one is hesitant to answer even one of the aforementioned questions, one had better not write at all! E. It may take one a considerable period of time to know the skills of academic writing, even long after his/her college graduation. F. It is a time-consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance.
The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) _____________________________________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) __________________________________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.
Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ________________________________________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.
The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) ______________________________________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.
IV. Summary Writing
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Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.
Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of space technology.
Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.
Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.
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