发布时间 : 星期二 文章2020届北京市海淀区高三上学期期末考试英语试题(解析word版)更新完毕开始阅读b41061c3acf8941ea76e58fafab069dc50224701
【答案】34. C 35. D 36. B 37. C 【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的爷爷患有阿尔茨海默氏症，不记得她是谁了。通过在医院陪伴爷爷，作者意识到她无法消除爷爷的痛苦，帮不了爷爷记住，也不能使疾病消失，所能做的就是留住他们的回忆。文章表达了作者对爷爷深深的爱。 【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“I thought I was prepared to see him. I knew chances were slim that he'd actually recognize me.”可知，作者的爷爷认不出她了。结合选项，故选C。 【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“This was the first time I had tried so hard to hold back tears. My grandma died four years ago and he didn't remember.”可知，作者努力忍住眼泪的原因是爷爷不记得奶奶已经过世了，认为奶奶还活着。结合选项，故选D。 36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“I told him that my grandma was on her way whenever he asked about her, and I made sure the glass in his hand was always filled with water.”可知，作者为了不让爷爷伤心，没有告诉他奶奶已经去世了，而且总是确保爷爷的杯子里面总是有水，说明作者是一个体贴的人。以及根据本段中“So I sat with him and I held his hand, and every once in a while I told him how good he looked and how much I liked the color of his shirt and how it brought out the blue in his eyes.”可知，作者不厌其烦的跟爷爷交谈，一遍一遍的告诉爷爷他长得多好看，喜欢爷爷身上衬衫的颜色等等，说明作者是一个有耐心的人。结合选项，故选B。
【【37题详解】
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推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者的爷爷患有阿尔茨海默氏症，不记得她是谁了。通过在医院陪伴爷爷，作者意识到她无法消除爷爷的痛苦，帮不了爷爷记住，也不能使疾病消失，所能做的就是留住他们的回忆。表明了作者对爷爷深深的爱。结合选项，故选C。
C
One day, gardeners might not just hear the buzz of bees among their flowers, but the whirr of robots, too.
Scientists have managed to turn an unassuming drone (无人机) into a remote-controlled pollinator (授粉媒介) by attaching horsehairs coated with a special, sticky gel to its underbelly.
Animal pollinators are needed for the reproduction of 90% of flowering plants and one third of human food crops. Chief among those are bees — but many bee populations in the United States have been in steep decline in recent decades. Thus, the decline of bees isn't just worrisome because it could disrupt ecosystems, but also
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because it could disrupt agriculture and economy. People have been trying to come up with replacement techniques, but none of them are especially effective yet.
Scientists have thought about using drones, but they haven't figured out how to make free-flying robot insects that can rely on their own power source without being attached to a wire. “It’s very tough work,” said senior author Eijiro Miyako, a chemist at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. His particular contribution to the field involves a gel, one he’d considered a mistake 10 years before and stuck in a storage cabinet. When it was rediscovered a decade later, it hadn’t dried up or degraded at all. “I was so surprised because it still had high viscosity,” Miyako said.
The chemist noticed that when dropped, the gel absorbed an impressive amount of dust from the floor. Miyako realized this material could be very useful for picking up pollen (花粉). He and his colleagues chose a drone and attached horsehairs to its smooth surface to mimic a bee’s fuzzy body. They coated those horsehairs in the gel, and then controlled the drones over lilies, where they would pick up the pollen from one flower and then deposit the pollen at another one, thus fertilizing it.
The scientists looked at the hairs under a scanning electron microscope and counted up the pollen grains attached to the surface and found that the drones whose horsehairs had been coated with the gel had about 10 times more pollen than those that had not been coated with the gel.
Miyako does not think such drones would replace bees altogether, but could simply help bees with their pollinating duties. There’s a lot of work to be done before that's a reality, however. Small drones will need to become more controllable and energy efficient, as well as smarter, with better GPS and artificial intelligence. 38. What does the underlined word “viscosity” in Para.3 probably mean? A. Hardness. C. Flexibility.
39. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. bees disrupt both agriculture and economy B. scientists have invented self-powered robot insects C. bees in the United States are on the edge of extinction D. Miyako found the special feature of the gel by chance 40. A drone works best in picking up pollen when ______. A. its body is made like a bee’s B. its GPS works more efficiently C. some flowers are coated with the gel
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B. Stickiness. D. Purity.
D. horsehairs with the gel are attached to it 41. According to Eijiro Miyako, the drones ______. A. are not yet ready for practical use B. may eventually replace bees in the future C. are much more efficient than bee pollinators D. can provide a solution to economic depression 【答案】38. B 39. D 40. D 41. A 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了蜜蜂数量的减少令人担忧，因为这可能破坏生态系统，也可能破坏农业和经济。人们一直在试图想出替代技术，科学家们通过在马毛的下腹部贴上一层特殊的粘性凝胶，成功地将一种不起眼的雄蜂变成了一种遥控传粉器。 【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“When it was rediscovered a decade later, it hadn’t dried up or degraded at all.”可知，十年后被重新发现时，凝胶根本没有干枯或退化。因此Miyako惊讶的是它仍然具有很高的粘性。结合选项，故选B。 【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“ His particular contribution to the field involves a gel, one he’d considered a mistake 10 years before and stuck in a storage cabinet. When it was rediscovered a decade later, it hadn’t dried up or degraded at all.”可知，Miyako是偶然间发现凝胶这种特殊特性的。结合选项，故选D。 【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The scientists looked at the hairs under a scanning electron microscope and counted up the pollen grains attached to the surface and found that the drones whose horsehairs had been coated with the gel had about 10 times more pollen than those that had not been coated with the gel.”可知，科学家们在扫描电子显微镜下观察了这些毛发，并对附着在表面的花粉粒进行了计数，发现那些马毛上涂有凝胶的雄蜂的花粉量大约是没有涂有凝胶的雄蜂的10倍。结合选项，故选D。 【41题详解】
There’s a lot of work to be done before that's a reality, ”可知，在投入使推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“
用之前，还有很多工作需要做。故可知，这种无人机还未投入使用。结合选项，故选A。
D
“If I only had a little humility, I’d be perfect,” the media giant Ted Turner supposedly said sometime in the 1990s. Why be modest? Aristotle said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Intellectual humility is a particular
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instance of humility, since you can be down-to-earth about most things but still ignore your mental limitations.
Intellectual humility means recognising that we don’t know everything. Actually, it means we should acknowledge that we're probably biased in our belief about just how much we understand and seek out the sources of wisdom that we lack.
The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips. But, by making us lazy, they have opened up a space that ignorance can fill. The psychologist Tania Lombrozo of the University of California explained how technology enhances our illusions (错觉) of wisdom. She argues that the way we access information is critical to our understanding — and the more easily we can recall an image, word or statement, the more likely we’ll think we’ve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive processing. Logical puzzles presented in an unfriendly font (字体), for example, can encourage someone to make extra effort to solve them. Yet this approach runs counter to the nice designs of the apps and sites that populate our screens, where our brain processes information in a “smooth” way. What about all the information that presents online? Well, your capacity to learn from it depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble people don’t hide or ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an opportunity to refine their views. People who are humble by nature tend to be more open-minded and quicker to resolve disputes, since they recognise that their own opinions might not be valid.
At the other end of the scale lies intellectual arrogance. Such arrogance almost always originates from the egocentric bias – the tendency to overestimate their own virtue or importance, ignoring the role of chance or the influence of other people’s actions on their lives. This is what makes these people credit success to themselves and failure to circumstance. From an evolutionary perspective, intellectual arrogance can also be seen as a way of achieving dominance through forcing one’s view on others. Intellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully.
The Thrive Center for Human Development in California, which seeks to help young people tum into successful adults, is funding a series of major studies about intellectual humility. Their hypothesis is that humility, curiosity and openness are key to a fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are unable to learn,” Laszlo Bock, Google’s Head of People Operations, notes. 42. The passage is mainly about ______. A. the harm arrogance does to us B. the key elements to a fulfilling life C. the significance of intellectual humility
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