发布时间 : 星期日 文章新公共管理的现状-外文文献及翻译更新完毕开始阅读b48df969e55c3b3567ec102de2bd960591c6d954
organization provides the best way.
3. Bureaucratic service. Once the government policy areas in, it will be through the
bureaucracy to provide public products and service providers.
4. In political and administrative two relations, political and administrative managers
generally think of administrative affairs can be separated. Administration is the
implement instruction, and any matter policy or strategic affairs shall be decided by
the political leaders, which can ensure that the democratic system.
5. Public interests are assumed to individual civil servants, the only motive for public
service is selfless paying.
6. Professional bureaucracy. Public administration is viewed as a kind of special
activities, thus requirements, obscure, civil servants neutral equal employment and
lifelong service to any political leaders.
7. The administrative task is to carry out the meaning of the written instructions and
not others assume the personal responsibility.
Through the comparison of the early administrative pattern, we can better understand
the main advantages and Webber system differences. Webber system and it is the most
important mode of various before the difference: the rule-based impersonal system
replaced the personification of administrative management system. An organization
and its rules than any of the people are important organization. Bureaucracy is its
operation and how to respond to customer must is personified. As Weber has
demonstrated that the modern office management \
regulations deeply touched it. The modern public administration by law theory, to
command certain affairs authority has been awarded the legitimate public authority.
This does not grant an institution specific cases through some instructions. It only
5matters is abstractly control some issues. In contrast, through personal privileges and
give concession regulation of all affairs. The latter is completely dominated by the
hereditary system, at least these affairs is not the traditional infringement is this
situation.\
It is very important. Early administration based on personal relationships, be loyal to
relatives, protect, leaders or political, rather than on the system. Sometimes, the early
administration is politically sensitive, because of the administrative organs of the staff
is appointed, they also politicians arms or mainstream class. However, it is often
autocratic, autocratic administration may be unfair, especially for those who can't or
unwilling to input personal and political game. One of the basic principles for with
weber impersonal system to completely eliminate autocratic - at least in ideal
condition is so. File exists, the reference principle of parallel and legal basis in the
same environment means will always make the same decision. Below this kind of
circumstance is not only more efficient, and the citizen and bureaucratic hierarchy
know myself.
Other differences were associated with this. In various regulations and impersonal
basis, will naturally formed strict hierarchy. Personal rating system and its provisions
in the left unchanged. Although Webber emphasizes the entire system, but he also
noticed the bureaucracy of the organization and individual term.
The traditional administrative mode won great success, it is widely adopted by
governments around the world. Theoretically or in practice, it shows the advantage.
And before the corruption flourished, it is more efficient than system, and the thought
of individual professionalization civil servants and amateur service has a great
progress. However, this model is also exposed the problems that shows that the model
can even said outdated, also can say is outdated.
The theory of public administration has been difficult to describe the pillar. Political
control theory has problems. Administrative means follow instructions, so people
demand a well-ordered transceiver method. Instruction between implementers and has
a clear division. But this is not the reality, and with the public service domain expands
the scale and more impossible. The traditional mode of another theoretical pillar -
6bureaucracy theory is no longer considered particularly effective form of organization.
Formal bureaucracy could have its advantages, but people think it often training to
routineer and innovators, Encourage executives rather than risk aversion risk-taking,
encourage them to waste instead of effective use of scarce resources. Webb was the
bureaucracy is regarded as an ideal type \
the progressive, leads to low efficiency, these mediocrity and is believed to be the
public sector of the special disease. It is also criticized. Actually, the word
\mode In the 1980s, the public sector is a traditional administrative pattern of new
management methods of defects. This method can alleviate some of the problems of
traditional pattern, also means that the public sector operation aspects has changed
significantly. The new management method has many names: management of
\
administration \
the late 1990s, people tend to use \
Although the new public management, but for many of the names of public
management of department of actual changes happened, people still have a consensus.
First, no matter what, it is called mode with traditional represents a significant change
of public administration, different more attention and managers of the individual
responsibility. Second, it is clear to get rid of the classical bureaucracy, thereby
organization, personnel, term and conditions more flexible. Third, it stipulates the
organization and personnel, and it can target according to the performance indicators
measuring task completion. Also, to plan the assessment system for more than ever
before, and also can be more strictly determine whether the government plans to
achieve its objectives. Fourth, the senior executives are more likely to color with
political government work, rather than independent or neutral. Fifth, the more likely
the inspection by the market, buyers of public service provider and distinguish
\
7refers to the government by means of bureaucracy. Sixth, appeared through
privatization and market means such as inspection, contract of government function
reduce trend. In some cases, it is fundamental. Once happened during the
transformation from the important changes to all connected with this, the continuity of
the steps are necessary.
Holmes and Shand as a useful characteristics of generalization. They put the new
public management paradigm, the good as management method has the following