发布时间 : 星期四 文章KKK-AP风机的运行维护手册（中英文对照） - 图文更新完毕开始阅读b63e480bf7ec4afe05a1df47
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Reverse conveyance/反转运行：
With our twisted blades there is a reverse conveyance with the blade angle ?CLOSED“ (min. rated blade angle).
在叶片关闭时，扭转叶片有一个反转运行的过程。
This means that near the impeller hub the blades continue to convey in flow direction, however, in the outer area the blades are already ?overtwisted?“, resulting in a conveyance against the normal flow direction, i.e. reverse conveyance. This is an undesired process, especially for forced draft fans and induced draft fans.
这说明叶片接近轮毂的地方，若持续顺着气流方向转动，超过允许区域，叶片就会出现“过度扭转”，这时就会导致气流倒流，这是非正常运转，尤其对送、引风机。
Especially the range where there is zero conveyance of the fan is critical, as axial hunting may occur here. The permissible min. angle of the blades is accounted for by the indication ?prohibited range“ in the performance graph.
尤其警示当风机在0开度运转时，会发生轴向气流紊乱，叶片允许的最小开度范围在性能曲线上已经表示出来了。
It is advisable to check the flow during trial operation. If the machine is started with closed shut-off dampers on the discharge side the min. pressure at the diffuser end should be 2 mbar. If the machine is started with closed suction-side shut-off dampers the min. pressure should be 2 mbar at the suction bend inlet.
在试运转期间可检查气流，若风机在关闭出口挡板门的情况下开始运转，那么在扩压器出口处的最小压力会达到2mbar，若风机在关掉进口挡板门的情况下开始运转，那么在进气箱入口处的最小压力会达到2mbar。
3.1.2. Security安全
In many cases the arrangement of the plant is such that the fan can only be operated within it is permitted performance characteristics.
在各种情况下，系统的布置必须保证风机在其性能曲线允许的范围内运行。
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However, if the plant conditions change or the plant control system does not prevent the fan from being
operated in a prohibited range, it is highly recommended to secure it against being operated in a prohibited range.
无论如何，如果系统设备改变或控制系统不能阻止风机进入禁止区域运行，就必须使用安保系统阻止风机进入禁止区域运行。
There are various procedures to achieve this: 现有很多设备都能达到安全保护要求：
Stall control/失速控制
The stall point of the characteristic diagram is simulated in the computer. The computer determines the current position of the operating point, measuring
风机失速的特性要素在电脑中能被模拟出来，电脑能测定出运行点的位置，并进行监测。
● the ambient pressure/外界大气压
● the static pressure at various points/不同点的静压
● the gas temperature/流体温度
The operating point is compared with the stall limit of the performance graph. If it is exceeded the rotor blade angle is e.g. altered by a few degrees.
把运行点与性能曲线中失速区域进行比较，如果进入失速区，动叶片要作适当调节，以进入安全区域运行。
Stall display/失速显示
The differential pressure of the flow is measured upstream of the impeller in circumferential direction. In the stable region of the performance graph the differential pressure fluctuation is small. If the stall limit is exceeded it rises by a multiple. Then a pressure switch alters e.g. the rotor blade angle by a few degrees.
在叶轮前部圆周方向上，能测量出流体压差，当运行点在性能曲线中的稳定区域，压差波动较小，一旦超过失速线，压差波动会增加数倍，这时压力转换开关与控制系统动作，调节动叶角度，达到安全运行。
Low volume flow/低流量情况
As safety device against too low volume flow rates we recommend the installation of a time relay which stops the machine again after starting if the discharge-side and/or suction-side damper does not open timely when the operating speed is reached (limit switch at the damper). See the following paragraph ?Shut-off dampers“.
由于安保装置不允许气流流量过低，我们建议使用时间继电器装置，这种装置（挡板门处有限位开关）在运转速度已达到，但进口侧或出口侧挡板门没有打开的时候，便会使风机停转。详见“挡板门”。
IMPORTANT重点：
The planning and installation of the monitoring devices described should be carried out only by specialist personnel.
检测设备的设计与组装应该由专业人员进行。
Shut-off dampers/挡板门
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Some fans can be separated from the plant by means of dampers. The dampers can be provided for the
following reasons:
一些风机可以依靠挡板门从系统中分隔开，配置挡板门有以下几个原因：
● The motor shaft input power must be limited during starting. 电机轴输入轴功率在开始运转时必须被限制
● The plant can be started up only when the fan runs.
只有在风机运行时，系统才能启用
● Several fans belong to a plant. Fans which are not operating are disconnected from the plant to avoid any disturbing gas influences, return flows, idling or reverse running of fans.
一套系统一般都有多个风机，那些没有使用的风机都应该从系统中分隔出去，以避免气流回流，使其惰走或反转。
With closed dampers the volume flowrate equals zero. Continuous operation with closed dampers is not allowed, see section 2. It must be agreed upon from case to case between the operator and CKPF whether starting with closed dampers is permitted.
在挡板门关闭时气流流量为0，挡板门关闭时的连续运转是不允许的，在第二部分有说明，挡板门在风机启动时是否允许开闭，操作人员与CKPF之间也应该取得一致意见。
The damper opening must then be controlled such that same are fully opened at the latest 1 minute after the fan has reached operating speed. This should preferably be made automatically. Only then may the requested rotor blade angle be adjusted.
风机达到额定转速之后，最多一分钟之内挡板门就应该完全打开，这个过程应该是自动控制完成的，此后只需调整叶片角度。
3.1.3. Adjustment调节
The values set during assembly must not be changed without good cause. 在安装时没有正当理由是不允许改变设定值的
IMPORTANT/重点：
Altering the set values for no reason may seriously damage the fan. Be extremely careful when adjusting screens, chokes and stopcocks).Do not operate the hand wheel of the actuator unless the oil supply unit is switched on.
无故改变设定值会对风机造成严重损害。当调节挡板门、隔绝门、油缸时应非常小心。除非已经启动供油，否则不要操作执行器的手轮。
The following settings of the fan and its components must be checked: 以下设置和风机元件都应该认真检查：
actual values to be inserted/实际指标有待加入
Rotor-blade angle/叶片角度 control-panel display（DCS）控制面板显示 local degree indicator现场刻度指示
position \全关位置 0% - … ° position\全开位置 100% + … ° ______________________________________________________________________________
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Impeller gap/叶轮间隙 rotor blades/housing动叶片/机壳 rotor blades/impeller hub动叶片/轮毂
Torque settings/扭矩设定 for further torque settings see \其它扭矩设定详见组装图 rotor blade/blade shaft叶片/叶片轴 main bearing/fan housing主轴承/机壳 coupling hub/drive wheel联轴器/驱动轮 Instructions on tightening screws:螺栓拧紧指示: Apply MoS2paste/涂MoS2润滑剂在 - to the thread/螺纹上 -beneath the head/螺栓头接触面 Tighten with/拧紧用 - a calibrated torque wrench/校准扭矩扳手 - to the specified torque setting扭矩设定的指定
hydraulic assembly, shaft/impeller液压组装，轴/叶轮 stip-on dimension轴头尺寸 required oil pressure in hydraulic nut液压螺母需要的油压 permissible oil pressure in hydraulic nut液压螺母许用油压 permissible oil pressure in fitting gap组装间隙许用油压
fits / bearing seating轴承座配合 cylindrical-roller bearing,fixed-bearing side圆柱滚子轴承，固定端 angular-contact ball race角接触球轴承 cylindrical-roller bearing, movable-bearing side圆柱滚子轴承，浮动端 bearing descriptions轴承种类 Shaft轴 Housing孔 a = …mm bar bar bar Ma = Nm Ma = Nm Ma = Nm Min/最小 0% Max/最大 100% ______________________________________________________________________________
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