发布时间 : 星期一 文章初级商务英语翻译更新完毕开始阅读b8a21bd5b9f3f90f76c61ba7
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6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
他站住，转过身来，定眼一看，是一个年迈的妇女，他身材很高，体形仍然不错，尽管岁月的磨难使其面容有些憔悴。
D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这” 7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted. 这项会议延期了，这正是我们所期望的。
8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change. 盐是海水结晶形成的，这被视为一种物理变化。 （三）融合法
1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.
有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
2）There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。 （四）成状语从句
1）In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which ell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.
在办公室里，工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编，以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前的情况。（目的状语）
2）He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.
他不记得他父亲了，因为他父亲死时他才三岁。（原因状语） 3）For many machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.
对于任何机器来说，如果知其输入力和输出力，就能求出其机械效益。（条件状语） 4）他要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。（让步状语） He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
5）这个方案富有创意，别出心裁，又有魄力，所以令他们都很满意。（原因状语） There was something original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
练习：Translate the following sentences into English.
1. My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman.
2. Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face.
3. Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments. 答案：
1．尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了，但他仍然热衷于运动。 2．当面不愿说的话，千万不要在背后说。
3．中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国，与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。
二．同位语从句的翻译：
同位语从句的翻译方法主要有三种：
（1）把同位语从句译成先行词的定语；如：
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The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure. 他打算来的消息使我们非常高兴。
We've lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work. 对于人人都能通过努力在生活中获得成功的理念，我们已经不再相信。
（2）省略先行词或将先行词译成动词，而对于同位语从句，可视情况单独译为一句或不单独成句；如：
I hire a public relations person to publicize the fact that I work from home. 我雇了一名公关人员，向公众宣布，我是在家工作的。 Your assumption, that things will improve, is unfounded. 你的设想，认为事情会有改进，是没有根据的。 （3）可加“这”、“这个”、“即”等词将同位语从句译成分句，或使用冒号、破折号等；如：
The hard truth, that they had spent all their money, was a great shock to her. 他们早已花完了所有的钱，这一真相使她震惊。
I insist upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not. 我坚持对我的问题要有个答复：他来还是不来。
此外，有些特殊的同位语从句以疑问句、祈使句等形式出现，有时用逗号与主句隔开，而没有引导语。这类同位语从句翻译时往往译成汉语的分句，用冒号与主句隔开。如： The question sometimes comes to my mind, \ 我的脑子里有时会出现这个疑问：“那件事值得做吗？” I should like to say to you one important thing. Go slowly in this matter. 我很想告诉你至关重要的一点：此事急不得。 另外，有时同位语从句前面还有同位指示词，如：as, namely, that is, such as 等用以指明同位语从句与中心句的关系。一般可按顺序直译。如：
She gave me a great deal of miscellaneous information, as that William's real name was Mr. Hicking. 她告诉我许多各种各样的消息，如威廉的真实姓名是希金先生。
Many questions — such as how the guests should be seated — remained unanswered. 许多问题，比如客人的座次怎样安排啦，仍然未予答复。
Americans are far more race-conscious than they are class-conscious. 与其说美国人有阶级意识，不如说他们有浓厚的种族意识。
长句的翻译
1．顺势断句
① Despite this backwardness (in the communications)—or perhaps because of it—China hopes to leapfrog into the digital era by bypassing many of the costly transitional technologies that industrial nations are now seeking to replace with more advanced digital systems.
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译：尽管中国的通讯落后，或者说正是由于这种落后，中国希望跳跃式地进入数字通讯时代，一下子越过耗资巨大的过渡技术阶段。这个过渡技术，工业化国家正在寻求用先进的数字系统取而代之。
② Today's teachers know they have to make lessons fast-moving and entertaining for children raised on television and computer games.
译：今天的教师懂得，他们给孩子们上课节奏要快，而且还要有情趣，因为这些孩子是在看电视和玩电脑游戏的环境中长大的。
③ Modern bus shelters began to appear on the pavements, complementing the 21st century appearance of the surrounding glass and chrome skyscrapers.
译：富有现代化气息的公交车候车亭开始在街头出现，与周围体现21世纪风貌的摩天大楼群相映成趣，这些大楼外层包装都是玻璃和铬合金。
④ Soldiers' salaries have been so eroded by budget constraints and by the soaring cost of living that a major serving in a combat zone earns the equivalent of just $230 per month—plus $10 hazardous duty pay.
译：财政拮据，生活费用急剧上涨，使得军人实际月饷大大减少。在战区服役的一位少校每月只拿到相当于230美元的薪金，外加10美元，作为执行危险任务的补贴。
2．英译汉长句的分译
英汉语句的叙事重心和叙事方式都有所不同。汉语是典型的“话题——说明”型结构，而英语则是“主语——谓语”型结构。英语的语篇衔接手法丰富，可以运用大量的功能词（如连词、介词等）将层层信息附着在句子主干上，主从分明，脉络清晰；比较之下，汉语则多借助语序和逻辑关系来组织各层信息，通过短句的累积来表达。因此将长句切断成短句（cutting)，是英译汉时十分重要而有效的手法。翻译时，首先要理清上下文的衔接纽带；然后把句子切分成短句，调整短句出现顺序。
1）However, most scholars believe that Christmas originated in the 4th century as a Christian substitute for pagan celebrations of the winter solstice.
误译：但是，大部分学者认为圣诞节源于四世纪，是作为异教徒的冬至庆祝活动的基督教替代节日出现的。
改译：不过早在公元四世纪，基督信徒们便开始庆祝异教徒的冬至节。学者们认为，这便是圣诞节的最早起源。
说明：误译文完全照搬英语语序，因此读起来非常诘屈。本句后半部作为补充信息，在汉语中通常需要提前铺垫。 2）Nor do historical accounts describe settlers engaging in such traditional English customs as feasting on boars' heads or drinking from wassail bowls (bowls filled with spiced ale or wine). 误译：历史上并无这些定居者按照习惯在盛宴上要喝祝酒，吃野猪头的记载。
改译：另外，按照英国传统习俗，人们会在盛宴上豪饮祝酒（祝酒碗里盛的是加了香料的麦芽酒和葡萄酒），大啖野猪头。然而这些都未见记载。
说明：译法一没有完全传递原文信息。本文作为介绍性小品文，翻译时应注意传递最大可能的文化信息。建议先介绍“习俗”作为准备，后再译出主句。
3）Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
误译：人类把自己和其他动物区分开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么让自己适应环境，要么控制环境，根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一
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代代地生存下来。
改译：人类具有观察和了解周围环境的能力，他们要么让自己适应环境，要么控制和改造环境来适应自己。人类便凭借这一点把自己和其他动物区分开来，一代代地生存繁衍下来。 4）Then there are some backpackers, who in midsummer walk with their packs on their backs to the bottom of the Grand Canyon, regardless of the warning that the temperature is many degrees higher on the floor of the canyon, one mile down, than it is on the rim.
误译：还有一些背包客，在仲夏背着背包走进大峡谷的底部，不管事先有人警告说大峡谷底部的温度比一英里以上的谷沿要高出很多。
改译：还有一些背包客，背着行囊，冒着酷夏，径直走进大峡谷的底部。虽然早有人警告说一英里以下的谷底温度比谷沿要高出许多，这群背包客却全然不当回事。
3．汉译英短句的合并
单就句子层面来说，汉语向来有精简概要的传统。所以同样的命题和内荣，汉语的句子往往比英语短很多。每个句子作为独立的个体，必然通过各种方式与其他短句进行衔接。翻译时，汉语重复的部分可以合并，成为英语典型的长句，可以是并列句，也可以是复合句，甚至是成份复杂的简单句。
1）“除夕之夜吃年夜饭是必不可少的程序。全家人围坐着一张桌子一同分享佳肴，人多的话兴许不止一张桌子。”
译文：Feast dinner on the New Year's eve is a must for the whole family that sit at one or more tables. (or Feast dinner is a must for the whole family on the New Year's eve when all the family members sit at one or more tables.)
2）“新年的早饭是很特别的，北方人吃饺子，南方人吃饭团。”
译文：Breakfast for the New Year's Day is special, Jiaozi for the those in North China and rice balls for the southerners.
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