发布时间 : 星期三 文章2011中石油职称英语考试及答案更新完毕开始阅读b8f53da3b0717fd5360cdc0b
possibly be explained by other factors in the human environment--atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substance in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant.
Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, small particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease, a narrowing of the small vessels in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to the amputation of limbs.
While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette
smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research shows a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 45. What can we mainly get from the passage? A. Smoking is harmful to heakh.
B. Women smokers are healthier than men smokers.
C. The increased diseases have something to do with pollution. D. Smoking cigarettes is more harmful than smoking pipes. 46. Cigarette smoking is believed by doctors to __ A. reduce nervous stress B. causes lung and throat cancer C. make life shorter but exciting D. broaden the blood vessels
47. Women smokers have a lower death rate than men smokers because __ A. women smoke light cigarettes B. women smoke less cigarettes C. women's bodies can prevent nicotine D. women don't breathe in the smoke so deeply 48. What is Beurger's disease? A. It is a kind of lung cancer. B. It happens in the hands and feet. C. It happens in the heart while smoking D. It is a kind of throat disease.
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage: From National to International
Do you have what it takes?
It's our job to help you make that leap. The world is waiting. Are you ready?
Is your small business ready to make that next step and expand abroad? A recent survey estimates that up to 40% of all small businesses are intending to do just that. Is your business making up this 40%? Making that move and expanding into the international market requires a different approach fi.om the one you're used to. On a national level, it is often enough to sell the right products at the right price. Failure to adopt a different sales approach on the international market can often lead to failure as international customers expect different things. This is where we come in. The right knowledge and the right preparation can make all the difference on the international level.
The main aspects of the program we offer are: 1. How can weaknesses be identified and reduced?
2. How are cultural differences handled in the business world? 3. In-depth knowledge of district law, how does it help?
4. How can we target the right kind of international customers and how can we finance this bigger, more complicated international operation? 5. What can be done to create a foolproof business plan? Cost of the course:
$2,000 per person. If 4 or more people apply from the same company, then discounts can be arranged. Course times can be changed to accommodate your employees' schedule. This course is fully accredited by some top level colleges and universities.
49. Who will most likely benefit from this course? A. Anybody not interested in business administration B. A small international business manager C. An individual running a small company
D. Any owner of an international business hoping to go domestic 50. Why is there a danger of an international business failure? A. The price of shipping is too high. B. It takes too long to deliver products.
C. International customers do not speak the same language. D. The business owner cannot understand the local market. 51. What is NOT listed in the advertised program? A. How to pay the international workforce B. The best way to study international law C. Cultural diversities that must be known exactly D. What we should learn from our deficiencies
52. What is the main advantage of participating in this study program? A. International travel
B. Fixed schedule for the employees C. The availability of discounts of 20%
D. Credits that can be transferred to university courses
Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:
With the widespread and still growing use of personal computers, typing has become an indispensable part of our ordinary lives. As a result, many users now find they can't write even familiar words though they can type them quickly and correctly on a computer keyboard. To make matters worse, some people even forget how to write at all. Currently, 90 percent of students in America, a nation which has completely adapted to everyday use of computers and the Intemet, are unable to write properly and clearly because they have been typing onto keyboards since early childhood. Many younger teachers also have trouble writing clearly on blackboard. A university student never imagined that he would lose the chance to get his first job because of his handwriting problem. Another student, for fear that she wouldn't be able to write well when doing the test papers for the university entrance examination, quit using a computer for two months before the exam.
\can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it's the result of social developments and the work needs of constant computer use. Secondly, it relates to introverted (~ Ih] ~) personal character and lack of self-control abilities especially for those students who indulge in playing computer games.\
Experts also think that many activities on computers make people's thoughts simplified, which also affects their lives in other aspects, such as how they communicate with others and the way they think.
Writing can strengthen human body's functions in psychology and physiology, which cannot be substituted by typing into a computer. Relevant research indicates that inscribing or drawing something on paper can leave a deep impression in the language processing areas of the central nervous system in the brain. This process does not occur when typing on a computer.
Experts' tips are arranging work time well and paying particular attention to not working in front of the screen for long periods of time and trying to read books and writing down something, such as keeping a diary or making notes with a pen regularly--it's a good way to strengthen the formation of words in one's memory. 53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage as a negative result of a user's constant work at a computer? A. Harm for his physical conditions. B. Unsatisfactory personality.
C. Problems in his communication with others. D. Deteriorated memory. 54. According to the experts, __
A. the user's problem in handwriting is helpless B. writing with a pen is also necessary besides typing C. computer users need more communication with others D. there should be more healthful computer games available 55. The word \A. warnings B. predictions C. suggestions D. analysis 56. The title of this passage might be ....
A. Harms of Typing at the Computer B. Keep Away From Your Computer C. The Advantages of Handwriting D. Pick Up Your Pencils and Write
Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:
In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald started a driven-in restaurant in San Bemardino, California. They carefully chose a busy comer for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue restaurant, then another driven-in, but in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this minimal selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to that routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches. Today McDonald's is literally a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history. 57. This passage is mainly about __
A. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
B. how the brothers developed the routine for the preparation of their food C. Ray Kroc's business abilities D. the development of fast-food services 58. We can conclude from this passage that __
A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became weakhy because they sold their idea to Kroc
B. Ray Kroc was a good businessman
C. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in
D. seventy years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants 59. The passage suggests that __
A. creativity is an important element of success
B. Ray Kroc spent long hours working in the first McDonald's