发布时间 : 星期二 文章2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案详解和听力原文第三套更新完毕开始阅读badb966b3a3567ec102de2bd960590c69ec3d899
while sales of books on electronic readers have increased. Data entry has been moved off shore. Routine customer support also has been outsourced (外包) overseas.
L) These trends serve to limit the availability of well-defined jobs. If a job can be characterized by a precise set of instructions, then that job is a candidate to be automated or outsourced to modestly educated workers in developing countries. The result is what David Autor calls the polarization of the American job market.
M) Using the latest Census Bureau data, Matthew Slaughter found that from 2000 to 2010 the real earnings of college graduates (with no advanced degree) fell by more in percentage terms than the earnings of high school graduates. In fact, over this period the only education category to show an increase in earnings was those with advanced degrees.
N) The outlook for mid-skill jobs would not appear to be bright. Communications technology and computer intelligence continue to improve, putting more occupations at risk. For example, many people earn a living as drivers, including trucks and taxicabs. However, the age of driverless vehicles appears to be moving closer. Another example is in the field of education. In the fall of 2011, an experiment with an online course in artificial intelligence conducted by two Stanford professors drew tens of thousands of registrants(报名者). This increases the student-teacherratio by a factor of close to a thousand. Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be eliminated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on.
O) It’s important to bear in mind that when we offer a structural interpretation of unemployment, a “loss of jobs” means an increase in productivity. Traditionally, economists have argued that productivity increases are a good thing, even though they may cause unemployment for some workers in the short run. In the long run, the economy does not run out of jobs. Rather, new jobs emerge as old jobs disappear. The story we tell is that average well-being rises, and the more people are able to adapt, the more widespread the improvement becomes.
46. Even factory floor work today has become intellectually challenging rather than physically demanding. 47. Increases in productivity prove beneficial though some people may lose their jobs temporarily.
48. The unemployment rate remained high even two years after the government declared the recent recession was over.
49. The author suggests that the recent high unemployment rate is mainly caused by a decrease of middle-class jobs. 50. The creation of a suburban economy in the 1950s created lots of office jobs.
51. In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced an increase in earnings.
52. One economics theory suggests using monetary and fiscal stimulus to cope with an economic recession. 53. The popularity of online courses may eliminate many teaching jobs.
54. Computer technology has brought about revolutionary changes in the record and book business. 55. White-collar workers accounted for more than half of the labor force by the end of the 20th century. Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. “Deep reading” —as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web—is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture：the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them.
Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading—slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity—is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks (超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisions—Should I click on this link or not? —allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative. That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of
speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同).
None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives” to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain’s National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen. 56. What does the author say about “deep reading”? A) It serves as a complement to online reading. B) It should be preserved before it is too late.
57. Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?
C) It is mainly suitable for reading literature. D) It is an indispensable part of education.
A) It helps promote readers’ intellectual and emotional growth. B) It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language. C) It helps readers build up immersive reading habits. D) It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.
58. In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?
C) It activates a different region of the brain. A) It ensures the reader’s cognitive growth.
B) It enables the reader to be fully engaged. D) It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices. 59. What do the studies show about online reading?
A) It gradually impairs one’s eyesight. C) It provides up-to-date information. B) It keeps arousing readers’ curiosity. D) It renders reading less enjoyable. 60. What do we learn from the study released by Britain’s National Literacy Trust? A) Onscreen readers may be less competent readers. B) Those who do reading in print are less informed. C) Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable. D) It is now easier to find a favorite book online to read. Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from different countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people.
The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigration. It is hard to look for “the ideal outcome” on immigration in the abstract. Economics professor Milton Friedman once said, “The best is the enemy of the good,” which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in practice.
Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as “We are a nation of immigrants.” Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a nation of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes?
The immigrants of today are very different from those who arrived here a hundred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country.
But the welfare state is already here—and, far from having a wall built around it, the welfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open borders. Anything we try to do as regards
immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge welfare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life.
Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty(事实上的大赦) is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods.
Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American people for so long.
Not only the United States, but the Western world in general, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London, when will we see it?
“Comprehensive immigration reform” means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people. 61. What does the author say about immigrants in America? A) They all hope to gain citizenship and enjoy the welfare. B) They come to America with different dreams and purposes.
C) Their background may determine whether they benefit the American people. D) Their cultures affect the extent to which they will achieve success in America. 62. What does the author try to say by citing Milton Friedman’s remark?
A) It is hardly practical to find an ideal solution to America’s immigration problem. B) Ideal outcomes could be produced only by comprehensive immigration reform. C) As for immigration, good results cannot be achieved without good intentions. D) The proper solution of immigration issues is an ideal of the American public. 63. What is the author’s view regarding America’s immigration policy?
A) America should open its borders to immigrants from different countries. B) Immigrants have contributed greatly to the welfare of American people. C) Unrestricted immigration will undermine the American welfare state. D) There is no point building a wall around the American welfare state.
64. What is the author’s purpose in citing the recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London? A) To show that America should join hands with Europe in fighting terrorists.
B) To prove that it is high time America made comprehensive immigration reforms.
C) To prove that terrorism is the most dangerous threat to America and the world in general.
D) To show that immigrants’ cultural incompatibility with the host country has consequences. 65. What is the author’s attitude towards “comprehensive immigration reform”? A) Supportive. B) Negative. C) Wait-and-see. D) Indifferent. Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
最近，中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。
2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题答案详解第三套
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
作文范文：把全部鸡蛋放到一个篮子里是不明智的
When making crucial decisions or important plans, it is always necessary to have a plan B. As the old saying goes, \
It is easy to understand that, for any plan that involves investments beforehand, one should prepare for the worst situation no matter how well it appears currently. When the profits are higher, people are also taking greater risks. For example, as the real-estate market is highly profitable nowadays, many people invest all their money into new houses and
some even raise a mortgage. The possible result is that once the market cools down and the house prices go on a decrease, the investors are more likely to lose the profits as well as the capital. Admittedly, putting all the eggs in one basket maximizes the possible gaining. However, in unfavorable conditions, it also maximizes the loss.
In conclusion, it is unwise to put all your hopes into one possible solution. People should all learn the importance of avoiding risks with a plan B.
【点评】 题解：“把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里是不明智的。”
本题难度中上，讨论风险与机会的关系，以及减少风险的方法，较抽象。
文章可采取三段式。首段简单阐述话题含义。主体部分重点论述“把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”可能带来的风险。由于话题较抽象，此处可用具体的事例论述，证明在有一定风险的情况下，人们不应该将所有的希望都集中在同一个解决方案中，而是应该有备用方案，以减少风险。结论部分重述主题。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A 1.【答案】A. The man is the manager of the apartment building
【解析】从对话中看出女士在找apartment building，不是男士。因此选A 2. 【答案】A. How the pictures will turn out.
【解析】女士想知道的是if the shots I took are as good as I thought. 照片是不是和她想的异样好。这里shots指照片。turn out指照片拍出来的效果。
3. 【答案】D. The suitcase can be fixed in time.
【解析】男士说到find a handle后面提到 but that shouldn’t take too long说明不是没有handle可以匹配。因此排除A,B。
4. 【答案】A. He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.
【解析】男士说到truck需要operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures，因此选择选项A。very cold temperatures对应harsh weather.
5. 【答案】C. She has made up her mind to resign.
【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气I could no longer live with?可以看出她下定决心。 6. 【答案】B. Replace the shirt with one of some other material.
【解析】女士首先提到exchange the shirt，后面又解释了原因allergic to wool，从男士的回答也可以看出换成别的材质。
7. 【答案】A. At a “Lost and Found”
【解析】男士首先问Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag?，女士又问了他handbag的详细信息，可见是在失物招领处，选A。
【精析】语义理解题。女士说她担心Anna，因为她最近很沮丧，整天待在屋子里；男士建议Anna去咨询中心(counseling center．看精神科医生。看精神科医生的目的当然是要寻求医生的专业建议。
8. 【答案】C Convert in into a hotel
【解析】but后面是真正意图: turning it into a guest house。guest house 意为宾馆，因此选C。9. 【答案】D. Careful plotting and clueing.
【解析】对话中提到it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued，对应D选项。 10. 【答案】D. To be entirely alone.
【解析】对话中can’t even bare anybody else, be completely alone都说明该作家需要独立的写作空间，因此选择D。
11. 【答案】C. They look at the world in a detached manner.
【解析】关键词detachment 分离。作家提到作者的经历和写作。虽然说道some experiences overwhelm everyone, 但是后面的but暗示了答案，stand aside、detachment都对应了C选项。
12.【答案】B. Like it or not, you have to use them.
【解析】在对话一开始，女士就提到了There’s only one railway system, if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another. 因为只有一条铁路，即使不喜欢，也只能乘坐，换句话说不论喜欢与否都得用它。因此选择B。
13.【答案】D. The monopoly of British Railways.