发布时间 : 星期一 文章江苏省（南师附中、淮阴、海门、天一）四校2015届高三下学期开学联考英语试题更新完毕开始阅读bcbce08879563c1ec5da718c
C
Insects trapped in fossilized amber (琥珀) for tens of millions of years have provided the key to creating a new generation of antibiotic drugs that could start a war against modern diseases. Scientists have isolated the antibiotics from microbes(微生物) found either from these insects or in soil particles trapped with them when they were caught by sticky tree resin up to 130 million years ago.
Present-day antibiotics have nearly all been isolated from microbes that use them as a form of defense against their enemies and competitors. But since the introduction of antibiotics into medicine 50 years ago, an alarming number have become ineffective because many bacteria have developed resistance to the drugs. Research over the past two years has uncovered at least four antibiotics from the microbes and one has been able to kill modern drug-resistant bacteria that can cause potentially deadly diseases in humans.
Raul Cano, who has pioneered the research at the California Polytechnic State University, said the ancient antibiotics had been successful in fighting drug-resistant strains of staphylococcus (葡萄球菌), a “superbug” that had threatened the health of patients in hospitals across the globe. He now intends to establish whether the antibiotics might have side effects. “The problem is how toxic they are to other cells and how easy they are to purify”, said Cano.
Cano’s findings have been acknowledged as a breakthrough. A biotechnology company, Ambergene, has been set up to develop the antibiotics into drugs. If any ancient microbes are revived(复活) that resemble present-day disease, they will be destroyed in case they escape and cause new epidemics. Drug companies will be anxious to study the chemical structures of the prehistoric antibiotics to see how they differ from modern drugs. They hope that one ancient molecule could be used as a basis to produce a range of drugs.
However, even the use of ancient antibiotics may not stop the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. Stuart Levy warned that the bacteria would eventually evolve to fight back against the new drugs. “There might also be an enzyme already out there that can degrade it. So the only way to keep the life of that antibiotic going is to use it sensibly and not excessively,” he said.
62. What problem has man faced since the use of antibiotics as medicine according to the passage?
A. Antibiotics are very difficult to purify. B. Antibiotics do harm to human health.
C. Antibiotics resemble some disease-causing bacteria.
D. Antibiotics are becoming less effective in fighting against bacteria. 63. Why are Cano’s findings considered as a breakthrough in science?
A. His discoveries will help revive ancient microbes.
B. His discoveries will put an end to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. C. The company Ambergene has applied the prehistoric antibiotics to drugs.
D. The prehistoric antibiotics proved more deadly against drug-resistant modern bacteria. 64. According the last paragraph, what is Stuart Levy’s attitude towards the use of ancient antibiotics?
A. Cautious.
B. Contradictory.
C. Confident.
D. Critical.
65. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Antibiotics—Dangerous or Not?
B. Biotechnology Revealed Prehistoric Secrets. C. Insect Antibiotics and Bacteria Evolution. D. Prehistoric Insects Might Help Invent New Drugs.
D
Edgar Allan Poe was and is an abnormal figure among the major American writers of his period. It seems to have been true of Poe that no one could look at him without seeing more than they would wish.
Poe published The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket in 1838, his only novel. Its importance is suggested by the fact that his major work comes after it. The Narrative’s shortcomings are sometimes considered to be the fact that it
高三英语 第 5 页 共 8 页
was written for money, as it surely was, and as almost everything else Poe wrote was also. This is not exceptional among writers anywhere, though in the case of Poe it is often treated as if his having done so were disgraceful. Be that as it may, the Narrative makes its way to a peak as strange and powerful as anything to be found in his greatest tales.
The word that reoccurs most importantly in Poe’s ?ctions is horror. His stories are often shaped to bring the narrator and the reader to a place where the use of the word is reasonable, where the word and the experience it arouses are explored or by implication de?ned. Perhaps it is because Poe’s tales test the limits of mental health and good manners that he is both popular and criticized.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym has the grand scale of the nineteenth-century voyage of discovery, and a different and larger scale in the suggestions that appear as the voyage goes on. The Narrative is frequently compared with Moby-Dick, published thirteen years later, after Poe’s death. Poe uses whiteness as a highly ambiguous symbol, by no means to be interpreted as purity or holiness or by association with any other positive value. There is blackness, too, in The Narrative, speci?cally associated with the populations that live in the regions nearest the South Pole. The native people in Tasmania, the island south of Australia, were said by explorers and settlers to be black, and were in any case, with the word “black,” swept into the large category of those related to displacement, exploitation, and worse.
Something very like the occupation of Kentucky by white settlers lies behind the events that bring Pym to the far-sighted conclusion of his narrative. In the early years of the nineteenth century the British began what made the native people of Tasmania die out, who had tried to resist white invasion of their island. Such occupations were, of course, a major business of Europeans, or whites, almost everywhere in the world at the time Poe wrote. They were boasted of as progress. It would have required unusual sensibility in Poe to have taken a different, very dark view of the phenomenon. But he was an unusual man. And the horror that fascinated him and gave such dreadful unity to his tales is often the unavoidable conflict of the self by a perfect justice, the exposure of a guilty act in a form that makes its reveal a falling back of the mind against itself.
Young Pym is simply telling a story of a kind popular at the time, a voyage adventure lived out beyond the farthest reaches of exploration. The story is disturbed by its own deeper tendencies, the rising through this surface of the kind of recognition that must ?nd expression in another form of literature. As his ship approaches the region of the South Pole, Pym notes the mildness of the climate, coolly listing the resources of the islands, which were assumed by such voyagers to be there for the taking.
If The Narrative were a conventional story, the immense roar and the towering ?ames might attract the notice of a passing sail—and there would be no need for a note explaining its lacking an ending. But the force of the narrative carries it beyond the fate of individuals, toward an engagement with a reality beyond any temporary human drama. 66. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Allan Poe was a famous America writer of his period. B. People expect too much of the American writer—Allan Poe. C. Unlike other writers, Allan Poe is a unique and unusual writer. D. People think Poe is a popular novelist like other famous writers. A. In the South Pacific.
B. In Australia.
C. At the South Pole.
D. In Kentucky.
67. Where is the novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym probably set?
68. Which of the following can describe the characteristic of The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym?
A. Poverty is the main theme of the novel. B. The novel is full of justice elements. C. Blackness can possibly be felt in the novel. D. Whiteness is the obvious symbol of the novel.
69. Which of the following might be taken from the novel The Narrative?
A. “One of these adventures was related by way of introduction to a longer narrative.” B. “Gordon Pym’s father was a respectable trader at Nantucket, where Pym was born.” C. “The wind, as I before said, blew freshly from the southwest. The night was very cold.”
高三英语 第 6 页 共 8 页
第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 ．．
Don’t talk to strangers. This is a social norm we stick to when commuting (通勤) by bus or train, or travelling by air. But new research suggests people are deeply wrong about the misery of striking up conversations with strangers.
Contrary to expectations, people are happier after a conversation with a stranger, the study revealed. The study was carried out by a team led by Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
For the research, Epley and his team approached train riders in Chicago. In return for a $5 Starbucks gift card, they agreed to participate in a simple experiment during their train ride. One group was asked to talk to the stranger sitting next to them on the train that morning. The other was told to follow standard commuter norms and keep to themselves. “Everyone seems happier and has a more pleasant interaction when they connect than sit alone,” Epley said. Perhaps even more surprising is that their conversation partners seemed to welcome the connection, too. “Nobody was rejected in any of our studies, as far as I can tell,” Epley said.
One of the reasons we can actually gain positive experiences from interacting with strangers is that we tend to put on our happy face and reserve our “bad-tempered side for the people we know and love,” explained Epley. Most people act more cheerfully around someone they have just met than around their own friends or family members. So don’t be afraid of annoying people by entering their personal space—reaching out to strangers may improve their day, too.
Then how to start a conversation with a stranger successfully? We may get some inspiration from Brandon Stanton. He has made it a habit of approaching people on the streets of New York City and asking them for a photograph and a chat. He has managed to get thousands of complete strangers to open up to him with personal stories of their friendships, struggles, fears, loves and losses.
A piece of important advice is that reaching out to strangers is all about the energy. Stanton says he realized that “after repeated attempts, it had nothing to do with the words I was saying. It’s all about the energy that you’re giving off.” Be calm and try to “turn the atmosphere of fear, strangeness and uncomfortableness into an atmosphere of intimacy(熟悉).
When starting a conversation, keep it simple. An opening line as simple as “I like your hat” can lead to a pleasant conversation. “Other people are people, too,” he said: “And it turns out, they’d like to get to know you.”
Try beginning with an experience that you and the stranger are both experiencing together. Breaking the ice is easier when you can create a connection with the stranger.
And don’t be afraid of rejection. Confidence can’t be taught in a classroom, Stanton says. You have to earn it. So practice, practice and practice. Challenge yourself to talk to one stranger a day, every day, for 30 days. If you’re walking past someone on the sidewalk, say “Hi”. Even if he or she doesn’t stop for a chat, your job is done for that day. This exercise will help you get used to talking to people you don’t know and form the habit of being more social.
Key words General idea (72) ▲ of Epley’s research ? ? ? Supporting details People tend to feel (71) ▲ to start a conversation with strangers. Engaging in a conversation with a stranger is a very pleasant experience. Entering a stranger’ personal space by talking also raises the conversation partner’s (73) ▲ . D. “Pym at length hit upon the idea of working on the terrors and guilty conscience of the mate.” A. The Narrative is an adventurous story written in a conventional way. B. The Narrative is considered one of Allan Poe’s famous novels. C. Allan Poe was misunderstood to write The Narrative for money. D. Readers might not understand why The Narrative ended so abruptly.
70. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?
高三英语 第 7 页 共 8 页
? Epley’s experiment ? ? ? ? ? ? Suggestions about breaking the ice ? ? ? ? The test (74) ▲ were divided into two groups. Each one received a $5 Starbucks gift card as a(n) (75) ▲ . Those who had interaction with neighbors reported having a more positive experience. All the neighbors sitting next were (76) ▲ to talk to the commuters. We often lose temper in the (77) ▲ of an acquaintance, while we tend to show our best side to a stranger. When talking with strangers, most people act more cheerfully. Create an intimate atmosphere instead of (78) ▲ on the contents. (79) ▲ the beginning of a conversation. Establish a connection with the stranger. Don’t fear rejection. Practice a lot in real life to develop your confidence and (80) ▲ skills. Reasons for the reaction 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）
81. 阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
“He who bears the greatest hardship becomes the greatest man.” This idiom shows Chinese people’s traditional belief in the vital role that hardship plays in a person’s life as they grow up. But today, as our lives have greatly improved, do we still need this so-called “hardship education”?
“We definitely do,” said Wang Weiqiong, mother of a 15-year-old girl in Jiangxi. “Many children take everything for granted, as they’ve never known how difficult it is to make money.”
Wang is not alone. According to a recent survey of 2,017 people done by China Youth Daily, 81.8 percent of the interviewees supported hardship education including experiencing life in poor areas, outdoor training, taking part-time jobs, and doing housework.
Qiao Yu, from Tianjin Foreign Languages School, also supports the idea. “Hardship helps us grow and be prepared for the difficulties of society,” said the 18-year-old, who worked in a cake store this summer.
But while it contributes to students’ development, “hardship education shouldn’t be seen as simply making students suffer,” Sun Yunxiao, deputy director of the China Youth and Children Research Center told China Youth Daily. “It should follow teenagers’ growth.” Sun said that students could also do sports to learn to face difficulties, for doing sports can greatly strengthen their bodies and minds. 【写作内容】
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词发表你对“吃苦教育”的看法，内容包括： （1）你对“吃苦教育”概念的理解；
（2）支持或反对对青少年进行“吃苦教育”，并给出2~3点理由。 【写作要求】
1. 可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高三英语 第 8 页 共 8 页