发布时间 : 星期二 文章GCT英语更新完毕开始阅读c0271c1a59eef8c75fbfb34f
第一讲 名词 一. 名词的类别
名词： 专有名词： 人名，机构，场所
普通名词的分类： 个体名词: house, tree; （可数） 集体名词：family, army, crowd （可数） 物质名词：water, cotton （不可数）
抽象名词：time, death （不可数） 二. 名词的数（名词变复数）
1.直接加s. 读音变化： friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports;
2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes;
fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：读[z]。 candy→______; lady→______;
4.以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; hero→heroes; 例外（外来词）：_______________________________________________________________ 5.以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves; wolf→wolves
例外：_________________________________________________________________________ 6.以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。 读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例：crisis→______; hypothesis→________; analysis→________axis→axes; basis→bases; 7.部分单词的复数形式不变, 单复同形。 读音变化：保持原音。例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon； 8.极少数单词不规则变化，其复数形式没有任何规律。
例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen; mouse→mice; tooth→teeth;
ox→oxen; __________________________________________________________ 9.有一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多，一般是表示双数意义的。 例：bellows; clothes; shorts; scissors; spectacles;
10.compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
_______________________________________________________________________________ 11.若表达具体数目，要借助数量词
例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 12.另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思， 例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
13.除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 三.名词的属格 1. ’s 属格
1） 普通单数名词——加’s . the boy’s teacher, Mary’s book
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2) s结尾复数名词——只____________________________________________________
3) 不带s的复数名词——在词尾加’s, Children’s Day, men’s shoes 4) 复合名词——最后一词后面_______________________________________________
加’,
加’s,
5) 表示几个词的共有关系——最后一词后面加’s, Peter and Jenny’s boat 6) 表示几个词各自所有关系——分别加’s, Peter’s and Jenny’s boats
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________????????????________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. of属格
1）用于无生命的名词，the cover of the book, the leg of the dog, 2）当表示有生命的名词本身有短语或从句做定语时 What is the name of the girl sitting near the door?
The advise of the old man I met during a journey is very important. 3. 双重属格
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ 练习
1. He has ordered ______ for the laboratory.
A. ten equipments B. ten pieces of equipment C. ten pieces of equipments D. ten equipment pieces 2. She went to the ___ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes stores B. shoe’s store C. shoe store D. shoes’s store 3. There are many _____ on the scene of the accident.
A. looks-on B. lookers-on C. looker-ons D. looker-on’s 4. I’ll go to the sea for two ______.
A. weeks’ holiday B. week holiday C. weeks’s holiday D. week’s holiday 5. I wonder whose bike it is. It might be my .
A. neighbour’s B. neighbours’ C. neighbour D. neighbours
6. He asked where___ office is.
A. the editor’s-in-chief’s B. the editor -in-chief
C. the editor’s-in-chief D. the editor-in-chief’s 7. She cut the cloth with ________scissors.
A. a couple of B. a pair of C. two D. a
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8. He had a cup of milk and ____.
A. two toasts B. two piece of toasts C. two pieces of toast D. two pieces of toasts
9. The policeman is investigating the _____ about the traffic accident.
A. passer-by B. passers-by C. passer-bys D. passers-bys 10. In this medical team there are____ and ____.
A. five man doctors; ten woman nurses B. five men doctors; ten women nurses
C. five man doctor; ten woman nurse D. five men doctor; ten women nurse
11. My school is only ___ from my school.
A.5 minute walk B.5 minutes walk C. 5 minutes’ walk D. 5 minute’s walk 12. Accurate ____ covering it are not obtainable.
A. data B. datums D. datas D. datum 13. Juice that comes from tomatoes is called _____.
A. tomatoes juice B. juice of tomato C. tomato juice D. tomatoes’ juice 14. He is from ____and I am from ______.
A. a worker family; a peasant family B. a worker’s family; a peasant family C. a worker family; a peasant’s family D. a worker’s family; a peasant’s family 15. He said he wanted to know ____opinion.
A. somebody else B. somebody else’s C. somebody’s else D. somebody’s else’s 16. His _______ about the case are very reasonable.
A. analysis B. analyses C. analysises D. analyseses 17. A group of ______ are talking with two ______.
A. Frenchmen; Germans B .Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen D Germans; Frenchmans 18. My father often gives me _________.
A. many advice B. much advice C. a lot of advices D. a few advice 19. The rising ______did a lot of _______to the crops.
A. water, harm B. waters, harm C. water, harms D. waters, harms 20. .We have to buy a car.
A. enough moneys B. moneys enough C. enough dollars D. enough yuans
21. My father lived in ______ for some ten years.
A. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing 22. You should take more _______. Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your_______. A. exercise，exercise B. exercises，exercises C. exercises，exercise D. exercise，exercises 第二讲 冠 词
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种
是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero
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Article）。
一. 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是\一个\的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。
1) 表示\一个\，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) 词组或成语。a little / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a
minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all
of a sudden
二.定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有\那（这）个\的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定
的人或东西。
1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.
2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house. I've been to the house. 3）指世上独一无二的事物： _______________________________________________________
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：
_________________________________________________________
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. That's the very thing I've been looking for. 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school. They are teachers of this school. 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前： ________________________ 8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow the day
before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain,
in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
三.零冠词的用法
1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary； 2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；_____________________________
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