´«³ÐºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂÌá¸ßÎÒÃÇѧÉúµÀµÂËØÑø ÁªÏµ¿Í·þ

·¢²¼Ê±¼ä : ÐÇÆÚÎå ÎÄÕ´«³ÐºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂÌá¸ßÎÒÃÇѧÉúµÀµÂËØÑø¸üÐÂÍê±Ï¿ªÊ¼ÔĶÁc17b666411661ed9ad51f01dc281e53a580251f6

´«³ÐºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂÌá¸ßÎÒÃÇѧÉúµÀµÂËØÑø

Õª Òª£ºÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂÊÇÖлªÃñ×åµÃÒԳ־÷¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒª¾«ÉñÁ¦Á¿£¬´«³ÐÓëºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬Êǹ¹½¨ºÍгÉç»áµÄ¾«Éñ»ù´¡£¬Ö¸µ¼×ÅѧÉú½øÐÐÈ˸ñËÜÔ죬ǿ»¯Ãñ×徫Éñ£¬Å¬Á¦ÍêÉƳäʵ×Ô¼º£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖÖлªÃñ×åµÄΰ´ó¸´ÐË¡£±¾ÎÄ´Ó´«³ÐºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ´Ó¶øÌá¸ßÎÒÃÇѧÉúµÀµÂËØÑø³ö·¢£¬ÎªÅàÑøÒ»ÅúÓÐËØÖÊ°®¹ú¡¢ÑÏÓÚÂɼºµÄÐÂÐÍÈ˲ÅÌṩÁ˾«ÉñÖ¸µ¼¡£

¹Ø¼ü´Ê£ºÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£»Ñ§Éú£»µÀµÂËØÑø£»´«³ÐÓëºëÑï Ëæ×ÅÎÒ¹úÉç»áÖ÷ÒåÊг¡¾­¼ÃµÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬ÈËÃñµÄÎïÖÊÉú»îµÃµ½´ó´óµØ¸ÄÉÆ£¬ÔÚ¹¹½¨¸»Ç¿ÃñÖ÷¡¢ÎÄÃ÷ºÍгµÄÉç»áÖ÷Òå¹ú¼ÒµÄ·¢Õ¹Ä¿±êÏ£¬³ýÁ˾­¼Ã½¨É裬ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÐèÒª¼ÓÇ¿¾«ÉñÎÄÃ÷½¨Éè¡£¾«ÉñÎÄÃ÷½¨ÉèÀë²»¿ªÖлªÃû×崫ͳÃÀµÂµÄ´«³ÐÓë¼Ì³Ð¡£×÷ΪѧÉú£¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã¼ÓÇ¿×ÔÉíµÀµÂËØÑø£¬Å¬Á¦¿¸Æð´«³ÐÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂµÄÕâÃæ´óÆ죬ÒÔÎÒÃÇ×ÔÉíµÀµÂËØÑøµÄ¼ÓÇ¿´ø¶¯ÎÒÃÇÖÜΧÇ×ÆÝÅóÓѵÄËØÑø¼ÓÇ¿£¬Îª¹¹½¨Éç»áÖ÷ÒåºÍгÉç»á¹±Ï××Ô¼ºµÄÁ¦Á¿¡£

Ò»¡¢´«³ÐºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬Ìá¸ßѧÉúµÀµÂËØÑø ÎÒÃÇÖлªÃñ×åÊÇÓÐ×ÅÎåǧÄêÎÄÃ÷Ê·µÄ¹Å¹ú£¬ÖлªÃñ×åµÄ´«Í³ÃÀµÂ¾­ÀúÁËÉÏǧÄêÎÄ»¯ÓëµÀµÂµÄ»ýµí£¬ÊÇÖлª´«Í³µÀµÂµÄ¾«»ª£¬Ô´Ô¶Á÷³¤¡£×÷ΪһÃûÖйúÈË£¬ÎÒ±¶¸Ð½¾°ÁÓë×ÔºÀ£¬

ÎÒÃÇÓÐ×ÅÀúÊ·ÓƾõÄÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ¡£ÎÒÏÖÔÚÊÇÒ»ÃûѧÉú£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊÇ×æ¹úδÀ´µÄ½¨ÉèÕߣ¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã´«³ÐÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬ºëÑïÃñ×徫Éñ£¬Ìá¸ß×ÔÉíµÀµÂËØÑø¡£ÒªÏë¼ÓÇ¿ºÃ×ÔÉíµÀµÂËØÑø£¬¾ÍÐèÒª¼Ì³ÐºëÑïÖлªÃñ×åÓÅÁ¼´«Í³ÃÀµÂ¡£

1.ÉÐÒåÇáÀû£¬ºëÑïÃñ×徫Éñ£¬ÅàÑø×ÔÉíµÄÔðÈÎÒâʶºÍ·îÏ×¾«Éñ

´«³ÐºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬Ê×ÏÈÒªÈÈ°®×Ô¼ºµÄ×æ¹ú£¬·¢ÑïÃñ×徫Éñ¡£¹ÅÍù½ñÀ´£¬ÎÞÊýµÄÎÄÈËɧ¿Í¸èËÌ°®¹úÖ÷Ò壬ÔÚά»¤×æ¹úµÄÈÙÓþºÍÃñ×åµÄ×ðÑÏ£¬ÓÐ×ŶÀÌصİ®¹úÆø½Ú¡£¿¹Õ½Ê±ÆÚ£¬ÎÞÊýΪ¹ú¾èÇûͬ°ûÎÞ²»Õ¹Ê¾×Å×Ô¼º¶Ô×æ¹úµÄÈÈ°®¡£µ«Ò²´æÔÚ×Ų»ÉÙÈËÂô¹úÇóÈÙ£¬Í¼Ä±Ë½Àû£¬Î£º¦×æ¹ú¡£¡°ÉÐÒåÇáÀû¡±¸æËßÎÒÃÇÕýÈ·µØÈ¡ÏòÒåÀû¹Øϵ£¬ÎÒÃÇҪѧϰ¹ÅÈ˵ġ°ÉáÉíÈ¡Ò塱£¬ÎªÃñ×å´ó°®·îÏ××Ô¼ºµÄÁ¦Á¿¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã´¦ÀíºÃ¹ú¼ÒÓë¸öÈËÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£¬°Ñ¹ú¼ÒÀûÒæ¸ßÓÚÒ»ÇУ¬¸öÈËÀûÒæ·þ´Ó¼¯ÌåÀûÒ棬´Ó¹ú¼ÒÀûÒæ¼°ÕûÌå´ó¾Ö³ö·¢£¬ºëÑï°®¹úÖ÷Ò徫ÉñºÍ¼¯ÌåÖ÷Ò徫Éñ¡£ËäÈ»ÏÖÔÚÊǺÍƽʱ´ú£¬Õ½ÕùºÜÄÑ·¢Éú£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒÃÇѧÉú»¹ÊÇÒªÅàÑøÎþÉü·îÏ×¾«Éñ£¬¶Ô×æ¹úÒªÓÐÔðÈÎÒâʶ¡£ 2.ÈÊ°®Ð¢ã©£¬¼Óǿ˼ÏëµÀµÂ½ÌÓý£¬Ê¹×Ô¼ºÓÐÒ»¿Å¿í¹ãÈÊ°®Ö®ÐÄ£¬ÓëÈ˺ÍгÏà´¦

¹Å´úµÄ¿××ÓÌᳫ¡°ÈÊÕߣ¬°®ÈË¡±£¬ÕâÊÇÈå¼ÒµÄ˼Ïë¡£¼Ì³ÐÖйú´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬ÎÒÃÇѧ»áÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»îÖУ¬ÒªÓëͬѧºÍгÏà´¦£¬×ð°®Ê¦³¤£¬×ðÀÏ°®Ó×£¬ÓÃÒ»¿Å¿íºÍ²©°®µÄÐÄÈ¥°üÈÝËûÈË¡£

ТÌÝÖ®µÂÃèÊöµÄÊǸ¸´È×ÓТ¡¢ÐÖÓѵܹ§µÄÃÀºÃ³¡¾°£¬Õ¹ÏÖÁ˼ÒÍ¥Ç×ÇéµÄºÍÄÀ£¬¼ÒÍ¥µÄºÍÄÀÓÐÀûÓÚÉç»áµÄ°²¶¨¡£ÒԳϴýÈË£¬ÍƼº¼°ÈË£¬Ð¡°®ÑÓÉìµ½´ó°®£¬ÎÒÃÇÒª²»°Ñ×Ô¼º¹ØÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄСȦ×ÓÀ²»ÔÚ×Ô˽×ÔÀû£¬Ñ§»á¹Ø°®ÖÜΧµÄÈË£¬¹Ø°®ËûÈË£¬¹Ø°®Éç»á£¬ÓëÈ˺ÍгÏà´¦£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚºÍгÉç»áµÄ¹¹½¨¡£ 3.ã¡ÊسÏÐÅ£¬Òýµ¼ÎÒÃÇÊ÷Á¢³ÏÐÅΪ±¾¡¢²ÙÊØΪÖصÄÐÅÓÃÒâʶ

¡°ã¡ÊسÏÐÅ¡±µÄÃÀµÂ¸æËßÎÒÃÇÒªÒԳϴýÈË£¬ÑÔÐÐÒ»Ö£¬×öÈË×öÊÂÒªÓгÏÐÅ£¬ÑÔ±ØÐУ¬Ðбعû¡£ÊØÐÅÓÃÊÇÎÒÃÇ×öÈ˵Ļù´¡£¬ÊÇÎÒÃÇÒ»Çл½»ÓѵÄÇ°ÌᣬÈ˶øÎÞÐÅ£¬²»ÖªÆä¿ÉÒ²¡£³ýÁ˳ÏÐÅÖ®Í⣬»¹ÓоÍÊÇÒªÓÐÒ»¿Å±¨¶÷µÄÐÄ¡£Ë×»°ËµµÄºÃ£¬ÊÜÈ˵Îˮ֮¶÷£¬µ±Ó¿ÈªÏ౨£¬±¨¶÷ÊÇÎÒ¹ú´«Í³ÃÀµÂÖ®Ò»£¬±¨¶÷˵µÄÊÇ×öÈËÒªÓÐÒ»¸ö¸Ð¶÷µÄÐÄ£¬Öª¶÷ͼ±¨¡£¶ÔÓÚÎÒÃÇѧÉú¶øÑÔ£¬¸¸Ä¸°ÑÎÒÃÇÐÁ¿àÑøÓý³ÉÈË£¬ÀÏʦ³¤±²ÌáЯÎÒÃÇѧϰ¹¤×÷£¬ÓëÅóÓÑÖ®¼äµÄÏàÖªÏàÓö£¬¹ú¼Ò¶Ô½ÌÓýµÄÖ§³Ö£¬ÎÒÃǶÔÓÚÕâЩ°ïÖú×Ô¼ºµÄ¶¼ÐèÒªÓÐËù»Ø±¨¡£¸Ð¶÷»Ø±¨ÊǺâÁ¿ÎÒÃÇ×öÈ˵ÀµÂÁ¼ÐÄÓëÁ¼ÖªµÄ±ê×¼¡£ÎÒÃÇ×öÈËÒª¹âÃ÷ÀÚÂ䣬ÑÔÐÐÒ»Ö£¬¶ÔÓÚ°ïÖúÎÒÃÇ»òÕßûÓаïÖúÎÒÃǵÄÈË£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼ÒªÓиж÷µÄÐÄ£¬×öµ½¡°Í¶ÎÒÒÔÌÒ£¬±¨Ö®ÒÔÀ¡£ÎÞÂÛºÎʱ£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼ÒªÎÞÀ¢ÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ×öÈË×¼Ôò£¬³Ïʵ´ýÈË£¬¼áÊØ×Ô¼ºµÄÈ˸ñ£¬ÓÃÒ»¸ö¸Ð¶÷µÄÐÄÈ¥¿´´ýÕâ¸öÉç»á£¬°ïÖúËûÈË£¬±¨Ð§×æ¹ú¡£ 4.Ç«ºÍÀñÈã¬ÎÒÃÇÒª×ñ¼ÍÊØ·¨£¬×öÈËÇ«Ðé½÷É÷

¹úÓйú·¨£¬¼ÒÓмҹ棬УÓÐУ¹æУ¼Í£¬Ã»Óйæ¾Ø²»³É·½Ô²£¬ËùÒÔ£¬×÷ΪһÃû¹«Ãñ¡¢Ò»¸ö×ÓÅ®¡¢Ò»ÃûѧÉú£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼Òª×ñÊØ·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æ¡¢¼ÒÍ¥Â×Àí¼Ò¹æ£¬Ð£¼ÍУ¹æ¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÎÒÃÇҪǫÐé×öÈË£¬ÒÔÀñ´ýÈË£¬ËÜÔì¸öÈË÷ÈÁ¦£¬ÌåÏÖ¼ÒÍ¥º­Ñø¡£ÎÒÃÇÔÚÈÙÓþÃæÇ°ÒªÏ໥ǫÈ㬻¥Ïà×ðÖØ¡£ÎÒÃÇѧÉúÏÖÔÚÊ×ÒªÒªÌýÈ¡¸¸Ä¸µÄ»°£¬»¹ÒªÔÚѧУ×ñÊؼÍÂÉ£¬²»×öÎ¥·¨µÄÊÂÇ飬עÖØÎÄÃ÷ÀñÒÇ£¬Ç«Ðé×ðÖØËûÈË£¬Îª¹¹½¨ºÍгÉç»á¹±Ï××Ô¼ºµÄÒ»·ÝÁ¦Á¿¡£

5.ÐÞ¼ºÉ÷¶À£¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÖØÊÓµÀµÂ¼ùÂÄ£¬´¸Á¶×Ô¼ºµÄµÀµÂÆ·ÖÊ

Öйú´«Í³µÀµÂÊÇÎÒÃÇÐÞÉíÑø¼ÒµÄÒ»¸ö±ê×¼£¬ÊµÏÖ×ÔÎÒ¾«ÉñµÄ³¬Ô½£¬×ÔÖ÷×ÔÂÉ£¬Ñϸñ¹æ·¶×Ô¼º¡£Öйú´«Í³µÀµÂ¶Ô¡°É÷¶À¡±µÄ¸æ½ë±È½Ï¶à£¬Èç¡°ÈçÁÙÉîÔ¨£¬ÈçÂı¡±ù¡±£¬Õâ¾ÍÒªÇóÎÒÃÇÔÚµÀµÂÆ·ÖʺÍÒâʶ·½Ãæ½øÐÐ×ÔÎÒÌÕÒ±¡¢×ÔÎÒ¶ÍÁ¶¡¢×ÔÎÒÅàÑø£¬ÊµÏÖ×ÔÎÒ¸ÄÔ죬´Ó¶øÌá¸ß×Ô¼º×ÔÂɵÄÄÜÁ¦¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý²Î¼Ó´«Í³µÀµÂµÄ×ù̸»á¡¢×¨Ìâ»î¶¯¡¢»òÕßÔĶÁÊé¼®µÈ·½ÃæÀ´»ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢£¬´Ó¶øÐÞ¼ºÉ÷¶À£¬Ìá¸ß×Ô¼ºµÄµÀµÂÐÞÑøˮƽºÍµÀµÂÐÐΪÄÜÁ¦£¬´Ó¶øÖð½¥ÐγɶÀÌصĵÀµÂÈ˸ñ¡£ ¶þ¡¢½áÓï

ÖлªÃñ×åµÄ´«Í³ÃÀµÂÊÇ´ú´úÏà´«£¬Ð½»ðÏà´«ÏÂÀ´µÄ£¬ÊÇ´ÓÖйúµÀµÂÎÄ»¯ÖÐÌáÁ¶³öÀ´µÄ¾«»ª¡£ÖлªÃñ×åÀúÊ·Óƾã¬ÖлªÎÄ»¯Ô´Ô¶Á÷³¤£¬Öлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ¸üÊÇÃàÑÓ²»¶Ï£¬¾­¾Ã²»Ë¥£¬

ÊÇÖлªÃñ×åµÄ¹å±¦¡£Í¨¹ý¶ÔÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂµÄ´«³ÐÓëºëÑÎÒÌáÉýÁËÃñ×å×ÔÐÅÐÄÓëÈÙÓþ¸Ð£¬¼¤·¢ÁËÎÒ¶Ô×æ¹úµÄÈÈ°®Ö®Ç飬ÎÒ½«»á¸ü¼Ó»ý¼«²Î¼Óµ½Ñ§Ð£»òÕßÉç»á×éÖ¯µÄ¸÷ÖÖÖлªÃÀµÂ´«³Ð»î¶¯ÖÐÈ¥£¬ÎªÖлªÃÀµÂµÄÑÓÐø×ö³öÒ»·ÝÁ¦Á¿¡£ÉÐÒåÇáÀû¡¢ÈÊ°®Ð¢ã©¡¢ã¡ÊسÏÐÅ¡¢Ç«ºÍÀñÈá¢ÐÞ¼ºÉ÷¶ÀµÈµÈÖлªÓÅÁ¼´«Í³ÃÀµÂÎÞ²»Ö¸µ¼×ÅÎÒÃǵÄ˼ÏëºÍÐÐΪ£¬ÔÚ¹¹½¨Éç»áÖ÷ÒåºÍгÉç»áÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇѧÉúÓ¦¸ÃÊ÷Á¢Ñ§Ï°´«Í³ÃÀµÂ¹ÛÄÌáÉý×Ô¼ºµÄËØÑø£¬ÒªÓÐÔðÈÎÐÄ£¬ºÃºÃµØÈÚÈë°à¼¶´ó¼¯Ì壬ҪÓм¯Ì徫Éñ£¬ÓÃÒ»¸ö²©°®¿íÈݵÄÐÄÈ¥¶Ô´ýÖÜΧµÄÈË£¬Óëͬѧ¡¢ÀÏʦºÍгÏà´¦£¬³ÏʵÊØÐÅ£¬Óж÷±¨¶÷£¬×ñ¼ÍÊØ·¨£¬ÎÄÃ÷Àñò£¬¿íÓÚ´ýÈË¡¢ÑÏÓÚÀû¼º£¬ÒÔÒ»¿ÅÕæ³ÏµÄÐÄÀñ´ýËûÈË¡£Î¨ÓÐÕâÑù£¬ÎÒÃDzÅÊÇÕæÕýµÄ´«³ÐÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÊé±¾ÉϵÄÀíÂÛ֪ʶ£¬°ÑËüÃǼùÐÐÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»îÖУ¬ÈÃÎÒÃǵÄÉúÃü»À·¢³öÃÀµÂµÄ¹â²Ê£¬ÎÒΪÎÒÓµÓÐÒ»×ù¾­¾ÃÀúÊ·¶øÃÀÀöµÄ¼ÒÔ°¶ø×ÔºÀ½¾°Á£¡ ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º

[1]ÑîÊç÷.ºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂ£¬Ìá¸ßѧÉúµÀµÂËØÑø[J].Ìì½ò½ÌÓý£¬2014£¬05£º35-36.

[2]ÐÜТ÷.ÖÐѧÉú˼ÏëµÀµÂËØÖʵÄʵ֤Ñо¿[D].»ªÖÐʦ·¶´óѧ£¬2013.

[3]¶­ÑÞ÷.ºëÑïÖлª´«Í³ÃÀµÂÓë¸ßУµÀµÂ½¨ÉèÐÂģʽ[J].³¤´º¹¤Òµ´óѧѧ±¨£¨¸ß½ÌÑо¿°æ£©£¬2008£¬04£º81-83.