发布时间 : 星期三 文章高中英语定语从句知识点及练习更新完毕开始阅读c5218df40408763231126edb6f1aff00bed57080
高中英语---定语从句
一 定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二 关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics.
2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.
3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
He is the man that/who lives next door.
Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.
5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
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注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.
3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 四 关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why等。when, where, why都在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you.
Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
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形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
关系词的使用上：A作宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who 代替whom The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如果去掉，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city. （一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1.先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。
2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. 4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 6．当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7．先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 人不可貌相。 （二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
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1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. John, as you know, is a famous writer.
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
（三） 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising. （四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（所担当的成分）。 A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.
I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.
This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.
基础练习
(1) This is the hotel_______ we will stay at. which/that/ (2) This is the hotel_______ we will stay. where (3) This is the hotel__________ we will stay. at which (4) This is the hotel ________we will visit. that/which/ (5) This hotel is the one _______ we will stay at. that (6) This hotel is the one _________ we will stay. where (7) This hotel is the one __________ we will visit. That
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